Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common health issue in women, defined as any bleeding pattern that differs in frequency, duration, and amount. Endometrial sampling and its histopathological examination is the first-line test in patients presenting with AUB. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological patterns of endometrium in women with AUB and to find the predominant histopathologic pattern in the different age groups of women with AUB.
Schwannoma affect mainly head, neck, and flexor aspect of the limbs. Neurogenic tumors arising from the brachial plexus are rare and axillary schwannoma is extremely uncommon. Cystic degeneration is common in longstanding cases and which when aspirated may yield only macrophages or lymphocytes leading to false diagnosis of the case in spite of strong clinical suspicion. We report one such rare case of a solitary axillary schwannoma with extensive cystic degeneration, which was misdiagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology and subsequently confirmed by the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry.
Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more common in developing countries like India. The placenta is an organ which connects fetus to mother during intrauterine life. Any change in the mother reflects on placenta and thus on the fetus. Materials and Methods: In this study placenta from LBW were evaluated. We included 50 fresh placentae. Gross examination including weight, shape, thickness, feto-placental ratio was calculated. Later, histo-morphological study of all placentae was done. The extent of placental lesions which can influence the birth weight of the baby or adverse fetal outcome were correlated. Results: Out of 50 placentae studied, there was significant reduction in placental weight and dimension. Irregular shape of placenta was seen in 13 cases and most of the plscenta (27 cases) showed paracentral insertion of umbilical cord. On gross, infarction [56%], subchorionic fibrin [64%], intervillous fibrin [52%] were noted. On microscopy, cytotophoblast hyperplasia [52%], stomal fibrosis [48%], fibrinoid necrosis [100%], synnctial knots [32-68%], hypovascular villi [44%] were noted. Conclusion: All major gross and microscopic changes in the low birth weight placentas pointed towards reduced blood flow to the placenta resulting in chronic placental insufficiency. The severity of placental abnormalities expressed as cumulative number of placental lesions is a significant risk factor for LBW babies. Morphological examination of the placenta conducted in the present study proved to be a useful adjunct to the clinical examination in finding the pathogenetic mechanisms during pregnancy resulting in LBW babies and can be helpful in the planning and management of future pregnancies.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has a characteristic feature that distinguishes it from the other types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) -the presence of a marker on its surface called CD30. It can be either cutaneous, systemic, or around breast implants. The systemic type of ALCL can be further classified based on the presence or absence of an abnormal protein, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), as ALK-positive or ALKnegative ALCL, respectively. We are presenting a case of a 35-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with an acute episode of abdominal pain. He underwent emergency laparotomy with ileal resection and anastomosis, as he was diagnosed with perforation peritonitis. Histological and immuno-histochemical reports of the specimen showed a lymphoproliferative lesion, and it helped reach the diagnosis of ALK-negative ALCL. ALK-negative ALCL can be diagnosed by using multidisciplinary investigation techniques, including radiological imaging, histopathological examination along with immunohistochemical staining. Prompt diagnosis helps in distinguishing ALK-negative ALCL from other lymphomas as well as solids tumors of the small bowel.
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