In this work, silver (Ag) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, and zinc acetate precursors with (0 to 10) wt % Ag doping by a simple reflux chemical method. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The nanoparticles are studied as a photocatalyst for visible light driven annihilation of methylene blue and rose bengal dyes. The 5 wt % Ag doped ZnO displayed optimum photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue and rose bengal dye degradation at the rate of 13 × 10 −2 min −1 and 10 × 10 −2 min −1 , respectively. Here we report antifungal activity for the first time using Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles against Bipolaris sorokiniana, displaying 45% efficiency for 7 wt % Ag doped ZnO.
Copper Indium di-Selenium, CuInSe2 (CISe) is the most promising absorber material for thin-film solar cells. CISe based solar cells have shown long-term stability and the highest conversion efficiencies of all thin-film solar cells, above 19%. Moreover, CISe based solar cells are very stable and thus their operational lifetimes are long. The deposition method generally has a large impact on the resulting film properties as well as on the production costs. CISe can be prepared by a variety of methods like physical and chemical methods. The present review discusses first the liquid phase synthesis method like chemical bath deposition (CBD), electro-deposition (ED), spray pyrolysis (SP), and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method (SILAR), etc. Next, the structural, optical, electrical, and photo-electrochemical properties of CISe, as well as features of solar cells made thereof are reviewed. The last part of the text deals with the application of CISe thin-film absorbers in solar cells. The photo-response properties of the CISe are discussed how they can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost in potential applications.
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