This research observes and analyses the agronomic characteristics and yield component of six T8 generation of Rojolele transgenic rice lines (P8, Q20, U10, W3, X22, Y7) harboring Cry1B::Cry1Aa gene fusion conferring resistance to yellow stem borer (Schirphopaga interculas) compared to the nontransgenic Rojolele control plants. The experiment was done in a biosafety containment at the Research Centre for Biotechnology-LIPI in a (4.0 x 3.2) m2 pot with 50 cm spacing amongst lines and 25 cm between plants of the same line with 10 replicates each line. PCR analysis using Cry1B::Cry1Aa specific primer showed that all lines tested were transgenic as shown by the presence of 816 bp amplicon. The W3 transgenic line had the most similar agronomic characteristics to the Rojolele control plants in terms of plant height, leaf length, tiller numbers, stem diameter and flowering time. Yield components of the W3 line such as panicle length and total grains were also the closest to the Rojolele control plants compared to other transgenic lines. However, the number of empty grains was the highest. In general, the agronomic characteristics and yield component of all transgenic lines were less than of the Rojolele control plants.
This research analyses the language disorder of the character with a stutter in the movie A Fish Called Wanda. This is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to receive, process, store and respond to information both in written and spoken language. People who have a stutter have difficulties in spoken language. It influences their daily communication. One word can have a very significant meaning for the people who experience it. This phenomenon happens in the movie A Fish Called Wanda. This research used qualitative methods. The data were taken from the movie script of A Fish Called Wanda. This research explains the type of language disorder and the context when the language disorder occurs. To obtain manageable and systematic data, the researcher watched the movie to get a deep understanding. The data were analyzed by using the language disorder theory proposed by David Carroll. The language disorder which happens in the character Ken’s speaking is divided into two types. The types are fluency disorder and voice disorder. The most dominant type found in the movie A Fish Called Wanda is fluency disorder with the percentage of 82.8%. Keywords: linguistic disorder, fluency disorder, voice disorder
Crop improvement by genetic engineering requires efficient plant regeneration derived from cultured cells or tissues. The success of cell or tissue culture regeneration depends on reliable explant source. In this study, three different types of explant (callus, stem, and leaf) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were evaluated to determine the most effective explant source for Osnac6 gene transformation. OsNAC6 encodes a transcription factor belonged to NAC transcription factor family in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsNAC6 transcription factor has been reported in some studies to confer tolerance to drought stress. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105 harboring pC1305 plasmid containing the OsNAC6 gene driven by CaMV 35S promoter (pARNAC6) was used for transformation. The T-DNA contains hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene as a selectable marker. PCR confirmed the presence of the hpt gene in the T0 generation of the transformed tobacco plants. The PCR result showed that a total of 50 tobacco plants were positive for hpt gene which 18, 20, and 12 of them derived from callus, stem, and leaf explants respectively. The highest transformation efficiency was obtained by using the stem as explant material, i.e. 17%. Meanwhile, the obtained transformation efficiency by using callus and leaf was 15% and 10% respectively.
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