Most probable number (MPN) test was done to detect the coliform in water samples collected from mobile vendors, sweet shops and tap water supplied from Burdwan municipality. The study revealed that the number of coliforms was very high ( 1600) in water samples collected from mobile vendors. The bacteria were identified as Escherichia coli. Bacteriological examination of water samples collected from different sources showed that the water of mobile vendors and sweet shops of Burdwan market area was not potable while the municipal tap water was found to be safe for drinking.
Biomass production in plant is directly related to the amount of intercepted solar radiation by the canopy and available water to the plant. Growth and development of leaves, especially under drought condition, is therefore major determinant of crop productivity. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) plays important role in growth and development of plants. XETs are a family of enzymes that mediate construction and restructuring of xyloglucan cross-links, thereby controlling the mechanical properties of cell wall. We cloned complete cDNA of an XET from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and characterized it using in silico comparative genomics and activity assays. The cloned cDNA was 1266 bp in length, encoding a protein with 291 amino acids having signal peptide targeting it to the cell wall. The protein showed xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity but no hydrolytic activity, therefore, named as PgXET1 as per the convention. The comparative genomics revealed that the functional sites of the enzyme (XET) were highly conserved. Evolutionary studies using phylogenetic tree indicated its grouping with XETs from maize (with >95% bootstrap support), barley, rice, etc. This is the first report on cloning and characterization of an XET (PgXET1) from pearl millet, an important dual-purpose crop.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the views medical and non-medical staffs of an Ophthalmology hospital towards the importance of knowledge sharing (KS), discover barriers to KS and strategies that may encourage KS. Furthermore, it examined the differences in the views of these constructs between medical and non-medical staff. Questionnaires derived from previous studies were used to collect a survey data from a purposive sample of 54 staff of an Ophthalmology hospital. The results were subjected to descriptive analyses. The results showed that there was a general good awareness by respondents about the importance of KS. Major organizational barriers identified in this study include no system to identify colleagues with whom to share knowledge, and lack of reward and recognition. Major individual barriers identified include lack of interaction between those who need knowledge and those who can provide and lack of trust and communication. Major strategies suggested by respondents include management encouragement to allow publications on newsletter and website, linking KS with performance appraisal and rewards. There was statistical significant difference in the views of medical and non-medical staffs in area of trust and linking KS with nonmonetary rewards. This study noted that the management of the hospital must take into considerations, the difference in views and also avail the different opportunities present in the hospital environment to evolve ways in which KS can be encouraged and implemented in the hospital.
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The bacterial strain Lysinibacillus sp. (P-011) was isolated from the midgut of the Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The bacteria were gram positive, spore forming, rod shaped ranging from 1.86 to 2.5 μm in length and 0.50 to 0.67 μm in diameter, positive for catalase, indole, oxidase, nitrate reduction, starch and gelatin hydrolysis, sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, doxycycline hydrochloride, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, vancomycin, rifampicin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, but resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin and kanamycin. The phylogenetic tree showed that the strain Lysinibacillus sp. P-011 (GU288531) branched with Lysinibacillus boronitolerans with 89% bootstrap support. Lysinibacillus sp. P-011 (×10 5 cfu/ml) played an important role on larval development of D. melanogaster under controlled environmental condition. Wild larvae when fed on normal food as well as normal food mixed with ineffective antibiotics, developed puparium within seven days whereas took more than 10 days when fed on normal food mixed with anti P-011 antibiotics and sterile food mixed with bacterial suspension and anti P-011 antibiotics. 94 to 98% cured larvae developed puparium within seven days when fed on only sterile food mixed with bacterial suspension (P-011) or sterile food mixed with bacterial suspension (P-011) and ineffective antibiotics.
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