Non-polio enteroviruses (Coxsackievirus A, Coxsackievirus B, At the beginning of this century, motor deficiency cases could be related to pathogens such as viruses and particularly to polioviruses, which belong to the enterovirus (EV) genus, Picornaviridae family. Besides the poliovirus (3 serotypes), EV includes Coxsackievirus A (23 serotypes: types 1-17, 19-22 and 24), Coxsackievirus B (6 serotypes), Echovirus (30 serotypes): 1-7, 9, 11-27, 29-33), and EV 68-72 (Wiedbrank & Johnston 1993).Enteroviruses are non-enveloped small viruses (20-30 nm) of icosahedral symmetry. Their RNA genomes have 7.5 kb, positive sense and single strand. They are responsible for an extensive variety of diseases, although 50 to 80% of the infections are asymptomatic. They cause hepatitis, pleurodinia, stomatitis and neonatal sepsis in a significant number of patients every year. In developing countries, the poliovirus is clinically the most significant member of the genus EV causing paralysis diseases in every 4 out of 1,000 children in school age. The non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) are the main responsible for aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and nonspecific febrile exanthematous illnesses. Approximately 75% of infections by EV occur in children under 15 years of age and the attack rates are highest in children under 1 year of age (Wiedbrank & Johnston 1993).EV 71, one of the last NPEV studied, was described for the first time by NJ Schimidt et al. (da Silva et al. 1990) in 1974, in California, associated with cases of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In the same year Kennett et al. (1974) Bulgaria with clinical symptoms of poliomyelitis, encephalitis, encefalomyocarditis and aseptic meningitis. Ninetytwo strains of EV 71 were isolated from the 65 cases with the same symptomatology of the poliomyelitis, including 37 strains from brain and medulla, 1 from cerebrospinal fluid, 10 from mesenterial lymph nodes and tonsils and 44 from feces (Chumakov et al. 1979). An outbreak of infections caused by EV 71 occurred in Australia during the winter of 1986. Of the 114 studied patients, 65 were hospitalized and 33 frequently had CNS involvement associated to severe symptoms (Gilbert et al. 1988). During an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Malaysia, in 1997, 4 children developed cardiopulmonary collapse and neurological problems. All the children received cardiopulmonary resuscitation but died. Postmortem studies showed infection by EV 71, with extensive damage to the medulla and pons (Lum et al. 1988). More recently the EV 71 was responsible for an epidemic occurred in Taiwan. Most of the patients had HFMD with or without complications. Many enteroviruses were isolated from the 238 cases, approximately half of them were EV 71 (Wang et al. 1998). In Brazil the first evidence of infections by EV 71 was mentioned by da Silva et al. (1990); these authors studied cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and finding neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) for EV 71 in 32.1% of serum samples. In another study developed by da Silv...
Investigation of the aetiology of viral meningitis in Brazil is most often restricted to cases that occur in the Oberste et al. (1999). This study described the first molecular characterization of Echo 30 in Brazil and this will certainly contribute to future molecular analyses involving strains detected in other regions of Brazil.
In many countries, the Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) Picornaviridae family is associated to hand, foot and mouth disease in addition to acute neurological diseases while in Brazil these viruses are more closely associated to the latter group. The aim of this research was to use the first EV-71 isolate of the Northern region of Brazil in molecular and seroepidemiologic studies. Two (2.2%) out of 88 stool samples (44 cases of AFP), collected from January 1998 to December 2000 were positive for EV-71 isolation (73442/PA/99). Nucleotide sequence of the gen that codifies the VP1 protein showed that isolate 73442/PA/99 was similar to the EV-71 strains belonging to genotype B - more closely identified with EV-71 from North America. Neutralization test with 389 sera samples collected from January 1998 to November 2001, from individuals ranging from 0 to 15 years of age living in the city of Belém, State of Para showed the following results in relation to isolate 73442/PA/99 and prototype BrCr: a total of 207 individuals (53.2%) had neutralization antibodies to both viruses, 167 (42.9%) had no antibodies and 15 showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies to one of the two viruses. Only 20.2% of the children aged 0 to 3 had neutralizing antibodies to EV-71, indicating that these children were more susceptible to the infection. Both the seroprevalence study and VP1 sequencing were important to demonstrate the spread and the molecular pattern of the EV-71 circulating in the Northern Region of Brazil.
We identified a strain of Alphacoronavirus 1, FCoV-SB22, from a pool of fecal samples from domestic cats from a rural settlement in the municipality of Santa Bárbara, Pará, Brazil. The nucleotide identity with feline coronavirus was 91.5%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.