We assessed the effect of music on the level of sedation and the electroencephalograph bispectral index (BIS) during the preoperative period. Fifty-four ASA physical status I-II patients, scheduled for elective septo-rhinoplastic surgery, were included in the study. Subjects were assigned to receive either music (music group; n = 28) or no music (control group; n = 26) during the preoperative period. Sedative premedication was provided with midazolam 0.08 mg/kg IM. Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scales (OAAS) scores and BIS values were recorded at specific time intervals. In the control group, there were more patients with an OAAS score of 1 than in the music group at 30 min after midazolam injection. In addition, there were more patients with an OAAS score of 2 in the control group than in the music group at 30-50 min. However, there were significantly more patients with an OAAS score of 3 in the music group than in the control group at 20-50 min. BIS values of the music group were also smaller than the control group at 30 and 40 min. BIS values were significantly decreased from baseline values at 10-50 min in the music group, whereas BIS values decreased at 30-50 min in the control group. In conclusion, listening to music during midazolam premedication is associated with an increase in sedation level in the preoperative period as reflected by a lower BIS value.

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the LigaSure vessel sealing system (LVSS) when used for esophagectomy. We compared 56 consecutive patients (32 male and 24 female, mean age: 56.64+/-12.61 years), who had undergone Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma between January 2005 and May 2009. Among them, from January 2005 to April 2007, 27 patients (group 1) were operated on with the conventional clamp-and-tie technique, whereas from April 2007 to May 2009, 29 patients (group 2) underwent total esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with the LVSS. Both groups were compared for operation duration, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization time, and intraoperative complications. In the evaluation of the patients, the two groups had similar distributions of age and gender. The duration of operation (349.44+/-46.82 min vs. 288.27+/-60.09 min, P<0.05) and the amount of intraoperative bleeding (414.82+/-137.04 ml vs. 217.41+/-111.78 ml, P<0.05) were significantly lower in LVSS group than in the conventional method group. There were no differences for hospitalization time and intraoperative complications between the groups. LVSS significantly shortens operation duration and decreases the amount of intraoperative bleeding compared with the conventional methods, but does not provide advantages for hospitalization time and/or intraoperative complications. We believe LVSS is an effective and reliable method for esophagus surgery.

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