ISSR-PCR has been widely used for genetic distance analysis and DNA fingerprinting but has been less well utilised for mapping purposes. A key limitation lies in the small number of primer designs available to generate useful polymorphisms. In this study, the potential of paired combinations of ISSR primers is evaluated using a test cross mapping population of 168 BC 1 individuals between Fragaria vesca f. vesca and a closely related line F. vesca f. semperflorens. Ten ISSR primers and all possible pairwise combinations between them were used to generate markers potentially linked to the locus controlling seasonal flowering in F. vesca. Band profiles of individual primers were found to be highly reproducible for band position and intensity, and only minor variation was noted in band intensity (but not in position) between different constituent mixes of primer-pair combinations. Overall, ISSR primers used in isolation produced 85 markers of which only five were specific to F. vesca. None of these markers were linked to the seasonal flowering locus. In contrast, the primer-pair combinations yielded 493 markers, including 14 specific to F. vesca. These markers included two located within 2.2 cM of the seasonality locus. The strengths and limitations of using pairs of ISSR primers in combination for mapping and other genetic analyses are briefly explored.

No abstract

Bu çalışma Tokat ekolojik koşullarında Red Chief elma çeşidinin (Malus domestica Borkh.) hasat önü dökümünü azaltmak ve meyve kalitesini artırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 150, 300, 600 mg L -1 aminoethoxyvinylglycine ve 20 mg L -1 naftalen asetik asit, tahmini hasat tarihinden 4 hafta önce deneme ağaçlarına püskürtülmüştür. Çalışmada kümülatif döküm yüzdesi (%), kopma direnci (N), nişasta indeksi, meyve rengi (L*, C*, h°), meyve ağırlığı (g), suda çözünebilir kurumadde miktarı [SÇKM, (%)], pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (g.malik asit 100 -1 ) ve meyve eti sertliği (N) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Tahmini hasat tarihinde AVG'nin 300 ve 600 mg L -1 dozları dökümü azaltmada kontrol ve NAA uygulamasından önemli düzeyde (P<0.05) farklı bulunmuştur. Kopma direnci, AVG'nin artan dozları ile artmıştır. Tahmini hasatta ve 15 Eylül'de, nişasta indeksi bakımından uygulamalar arasında fark tespit edilememiştir. Tahmini hasat tarihinde AVG'nin artan dozları ile meyve ağırlığı doğrusal olarak artmıştır. Tahmini hasat tarihinde, AVG ve NAA meyvenin SÇKM'sini pozitif yönde etkilemiştir. Genel olarak pH miktarı tahmini hasada doğru azalış göstermiştir. Tahmini hasatta, titre edilebilir asitlik değeri bakımından hem AVG hem de NAA kontrol ile benzer bulunmuştur. Tahmini hasada doğru et sertliğinde doğrusal bir azalış tespit edilmiş, ancak AVG'nin artan dozları et sertliğini pozitif yönde etkilemiştir.

The effects of five training systems on tree growth, fruit yield and some fruit characteristics were assessed in Jonagold apple cv. grafted on M.9 rootstock. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS; 4,761 trees/ha), vertical axis (VA; 2,857 trees/ha), hytec (HT; 1,904 tree/ha) and two different tree densities of super spindle (L-Super S with 5,000 trees/ha; H-Super S with 10,000 trees/ha). Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was higher in HT and VA than SS, L-Super S and H-Super S in the 4^th year. While HT had the highest cumulative yield/tree, the lowest cumulative yield was observed in H-Super S. Although HT had the highest yield/ tree, it ranked the last in cumulative yield efficiency (CYE) due to high TCA. The highest (CYE) was measured in trees trained as L-Super S. When cumulative yields (CY)/ha were evaluated, the yield advantage of high density planting was clearly evident for the first three cropping years. H-Super S systems (10,000 trees/ha) had the highest CY/ha and achieved a yield of 91.24 t/ha in year 4. HT (1,904 trees/ha) had the lowest CY/ha (33.46 t). Training systems had no consistent effect on average fruit diameter, weight, firmness, soluble solid and titratable acidity. &nbsp;

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight mainly on pear, apple and quince trees. This bacterial pathogen also infects other Rosaceous plants, such as blackberry and raspberry. A race structure was established between an isolate of E. amylovora and berries using 40 wild blackberry and 7 wild raspberry genotypes. In pathogenicity tests, wild blackberry and raspberry genotypes had three phenotypic reactions: enhanced susceptibility, moderate susceptibility and resistance. We noted a higher bacterial growth of over 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 in plants with enhanced susceptibility, with resistant genotypes showing a bacterial growth of around 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. These results are also associated with symptoms observed at 29 days post-inoculation. This resistance is being evaluated to control fire blight.Erwinia amylovora est responsable de la brûlure bactérienne principalement chez la poire, la pomme et le coing. Cet agent pathogène bactérien infecte également d’autres plants de Rosaceous, comme les mûriers et les framboisiers. Une structure de race a été établie entre un isolat de E. amylovora et ces baies en utilisant 40 génotypes de mûrier sauvage et 7 de framboisier sauvage. Lors de tests de pathogénicité, les génotypes de mûrier et framboisier sauvages ont montré trois réactions génotypiques, soit une sensibilité accrue, une sensibilité intermédiaire et de la résistance. Nous avons noté une plus grande croissance bactérienne de plus de 300 × 109 cfu mL-1 chez les plants avec une sensibilité accrue, alors que les génotypes résistants montraient une croissance bactérienne d’environ 150 × 109 cfu mL-1. Ces résultats sont également liés aux symptômes observés 29 jours après l’inoculation. Cette résistance fait l’objet d’évaluation pour la lutte à la brûlure bactérienne