Semantic web technologies offer an approach to data integration and sharing, even for resources developed independently or broadly distributed across the web. This approach is particularly suitable for scientific domains that profit from large amounts of data that reside in the public domain and that have to be exploited in combination. Translational medicine is such a domain, which in addition has to integrate private data from the clinical domain with proprietary data from the pharmaceutical domain. In this survey, we present the results of our analysis of translational medicine solutions that follow a semantic web approach. We assessed these solutions in terms of their target medical use case; the resources covered to achieve their objectives; and their use of existing semantic web resources for the purposes of data sharing, data interoperability and knowledge discovery. The semantic web technologies seem to fulfill their role in facilitating the integration and exploration of data from disparate sources, but it is also clear that simply using them is not enough. It is fundamental to reuse resources, to define mappings between resources, to share data and knowledge. All these aspects allow the instantiation of translational medicine at the semantic web-scale, thus resulting in a network of solutions that can share resources for a faster transfer of new scientific results into the clinical practice. The envisioned network of translational medicine solutions is on its way, but it still requires resolving the challenges of sharing protected data and of integrating semantic-driven technologies into the clinical practice.
The seed proteome of two traditional maize inbred lines (pb269 and pb369) contrasting in grain hardness and in preferable use for bread-making was evaluated. The pb269 seeds, of flint type (i.e., hard endosperm), are preferably used by manufacturers, while pb369 (dent, soft endosperm) is rejected. The hypothesis that the content and relative amounts of specific proteins in the maize flour are relevant for such discrimination of the inbred lines was tested. The flour proteins were sequentially extracted following the Osborne fractionation (selective solubilization), and the four Osborne fractions were submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The total amount of protein extracted from the seeds was not significantly different, but pb369 flour exhibited significantly higher proportions of salt-extracted proteins (globulins) and ethanol-extracted proteins (alcohol-soluble prolamins). The proteome analysis allowed discrimination between the two inbred lines, with pb269 demonstrating higher heterogeneity than pb369. From the 967 spots (358 common to both lines, 208 specific to pb269, and 401 specific to pb369), 588 were submitted to mass spectrometry (MS). Through the combined use of trypsin and chymotrypsin it was possible to identify proteins in 436 spots. The functional categorization in combination with multivariate analysis highlighted the most discriminant biological processes (carbohydrate metabolic process, response to stress, chitin catabolic process, oxidation-reduction process) and molecular function (nutrient reservoir activity). The inbred lines exhibited quantitative and qualitative differences in these categories. Differences were also revealed in the amounts, proportions, and distribution of several groups of storage proteins, which can have an impact on the organization of the protein body and endosperm hardness. For some proteins (granule-bound starch synthase-1, cyclophilin, zeamatin), a change in the protein solubility rather than in the total amount extracted was observed, which reveals distinct in vivo associations and/or changes in binding strength between the inbred lines. Our approach produced information that relates protein content, relative protein content, and specific protein types to endosperm hardness and to the preferable use for "broa" bread-making.
Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve o emprego da logística reversa para a realização do correto descarte de lâmpadas fluorescentes em um órgão público da Rede Federal de Educação Brasileira, tendo como parâmetro a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) instituída pela Lei 12.305/2010. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratória, com caráter de avaliação de resultados, instrumentalizada por meio de um estudo de caso. Como principais resultados, foi verificado que parte significativa dos entrevistados entende que a determinação pela responsabilidade na gestão dos resíduos de lâmpadas fluorescentes não está bem estabelecida, tanto na norma quanto na prática. Foi, ainda, observado, que para a maioria dos entrevistados, os resíduos sólidos das lâmpadas fluorescentes estão recebendo o tratamento adequado em seu local de trabalho.Palavras-chave: Logística Reversa. Lâmpadas Fluorescentes. Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Gestão de Resíduos. Abstract:The present work describes the use of reverse logistics to perform the correct disposal of fluorescent lamps in a public agency of the Federal Network of Brazilian Education, having as parameter the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established by Law 12,305 / 2010. Methodologically, the research is characterized as exploratory, with a classification of results, instrumented by means of a case study. As main results, it was verified that significant part of the interviewees understands that the determination by the responsibility in the management of residues of fluorescent lamps is not well established, both in norm and in practice. It was also observed that for most of the interviewees, the solid residues of fluorescent lamps are receiving adequate treatment at their workplace.
Este trabalho apresenta uma heurística baseada no Simulated Annealing para resolver o Problema de Alocação de Berços. Esse problema aborda a programação e a alocação de navios às áreas de atracação ao longo de um cais. O problema é modelado como um Problema de Roteamento de Veículos com Múltiplas Garagens e Janelas de Tempo. Para aplicação do Simulated Annealing foi desenvolvido um software, possibilitando realizar cenários mais próximos das atividades praticadas nos portos. Os resultados computacionais são obtidos através de problemas testes com dados reais do Terminal de Contêineres Tecon Rio Grande.
Enrichment analysis is well established in the field of transcriptomics, where it is used to identify relevant biological features that characterize a set of genes obtained in an experiment.This article proposes the application of enrichment analysis as a first step in a disease prognosis methodology, in particular of diseases with a strong genetic component. With this analysis the objective is to identify clinical and biological features that characterize groups of patients with a common disease, and that can be used to distinguish between groups of patients associated with disease-related events. Data mining methodologies can then be used to exploit those features, and assist medical doctors in the evaluation of the patients in respect to their predisposition for a specific event.In this work the disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is used as a case-study, as a first test to assess the feasibility of the application of an enrichment analysis to disease prognosis. To perform this assessment, two groups of patients have been considered: patients that have suffered a sudden cardiac death episode and patients that have not.The results presented were obtained with genetic data and the Gene Ontology, in two enrichment analyses: an enrichment profiling aiming at characterizing a group of patients (e.g. that suffered a disease-related event) based on their mutations; and a differential enrichment aiming at identifying differentiating features between a sub-group of patients and all the patients with the disease. These analyses correspond to an adaptation of the standard enrichment analysis, since multiple sets of genes are being considered, one for each patient.The preliminary results are promising, as the sets of terms obtained reflect the current knowledge about the gene functions commonly altered in HCM patients, thus allowing their characterization. Nevertheless, some factors need to be taken into consideration before the full potential of the enrichment analysis in the prognosis methodology can be evaluated. One of such factors is the need to test the enrichment analysis with clinical data, in addition to genetic data, since both types of data are expected to be necessary for prognosis purposes.
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