Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar quatro índices de seleção e o método REML/Blup na avaliação de ganhos genéticos preditos das características de interesse ao programa de melhoramento do milho-pipoca UENF 14. Foram avaliadas 200 progênies de irmãos-completos, em uma safra, em dois ambientes (regiões Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), com duas repetições, o que totalizou 800 observações. Avaliaram-se as características altura média de plantas, altura média de inserção da primeira espiga, estande final, tombamento, diâmetro de colmo, prolificidade, rendimento e capacidade de expansão dos grãos. Entre os índices de seleção testados, o de Mulamba & Mock proporcionou os melhores resultados para a seleção das progênies de irmãos-completos. O método REML/Blup mostrou-se muito eficiente, tendo selecionado progênies com desempenhos relativos elevados e com ganhos genéticos preditos melhores que os dos índices de seleção testados. As progênies selecionadas com uso do método REML/Blup, para maior rendimento de grãos, não são as mesmas selecionadas para maior capacidade de expansão. O índice de Mulamba & Mock e o método REML/Blup proporcionam os melhores ganhos preditos para a população UENF 14.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, correlação genética, modelos mistos, seleção recorrente, seleção simultânea. Genetic gain evaluated with selection indices and with REML/Blup in popcornAbstract -The objective of this work was to compare four selection indices and the REML/Blup method in the evaluation of the predicted genetic gains for the characteristics of interest to the breeding program of the UENF 14 popcorn. Two hundred full-sib progenies were evaluated in one season, in two locations (North and Northwest Regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), with two replicates, totaling 800 observations. The characteristics evaluated were average plant height, average height of first ear insertion, final stand, tipping, stem diameter, prolificacy, grain yield and popping expansion. Among the selection indices tested, Mulamba & Mock's provided the best results for selection of full-sib progenies. The REML/Blup method proved to be very efficient, selecting progenies with high relative performance and better predicted genetic gains than those of the selection indices tested. The progenies selected using the REML/Blup method, for highest grain yield, are not the same as those selected for higher popping expansion. The Mulamba & Mock index and the REML/ Blup method provide the best predicted gains for the UENF 14 population.
The successful development of hybrid cultivars depends on the reliability of estimated combining ability of the parent lines. The objectives of this study were to assess the combining ability of partially inbred S families of popcorn derived from the open-pollinated variety UENF 14, via top-crosses with four testers, and to compare the testers for their ability to discriminate the S progenies. The experiment was conducted in the 2015/2016 crop season, in an incomplete-block (Lattice) design with three replications. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: average plant height, grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), and expanded popcorn volume per hectare. The top-cross hybrid, originating from the BRS-Angela vs S progeny 10 combination, was indicated as promising, showing high values for specific combining ability for GY and PE. For the S progenies that showed high and positive GCA values for GY and PE, the continuity of the breeding program is recommended, with the advance of self-pollination generations. Fasoulas' differentiation index discriminated the BRS-Angela tester as the most suitable for identifying the superior progenies.
In view of the narrow genetic base of popcorn, probably due to its evolution by selection from flint maize types alone, knowledge about genetic divergence is imperative for the formation of heterotic groups. Thus, our objective was to identify heterotic groups of popcorn lines; we did so by exploiting the representative genotype collection of the Active Popcorn Germplasm Bank of the State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro. Thirty-eight popcorn genotypes from different origins were analyzed by two methodologies to identify divergent groups. In the first method, the genotypic data were processed to determine the number of groups, based on Bayesian clustering algorithms, and two clustering methods (UPGMA and Ward), based on three genetic distance algorithms, weighted index, unweighted index, and an index of genetic distance or dissimilarity, proposed by Smouse and Peakall. The second methodology identified groups based on simultaneous use of morphoagronomic and molecular information and extracting the genetic distance matrix by the Gower algorithm, and later applying UPGMA and Ward clustering methods. The consistency of the clustering methods was evaluated by cophenetic correlation coefficients. The significance of these coefficients was examined by the Mantel test. There was significant genetic variability among corn popcorn accesses at morphological and molecular levels. There also ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 17 (3): gmr18083 C. Vittorazzi et al 2 was agreement between multivariate clustering techniques, mainly when using genotypic data provided by microsatellite markers. heterotic groups were identified; these were formed mainly according to the origin of each genotype and/or geographic origin. We found that there is sufficient heterosis to develop new cultivars.
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