Four experiments were carried out at the research field of horticulture Dept, Agriculture & Forestry college, Mosul University, during 2004University, during -2005 growing season to investigate the ability of boosting drought resistance in four faba bean cultivars by foliar spraying of alar (B9) at rates of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg. L‾¹.; cultar (ppp3) at rates of 0, 50, 75 and 100 mg L‾¹; indole-3butyric acid (IBA) at rates of 0, 50, 75 and 100 mg. L‾¹ and naphthalene acetic acid at rates of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg. L‾¹ at the commence of flowering and was repeated after 2 weeks. Experiment 1 , 250 mg. L‾¹ alar was the most effective treatment in enhancing drought resistance of Aquadulce cultivar. It increased yield of dry seeds (52.8%). Furthermore, it improved stomata behaviors to sustain gas exchange good through increasing stomata populations and reducing their aperture dimensions. Experiment 2 results exhibited that 50 mg. L‾¹ cultar rate was the most suitable treatment for increasing drought resistance of Local Syrian cultivar. It gave dry seed yield increases of 48.4%, in relation to check. In addition to that it highly modified stomata dimensions to improve gases exchanges. Experiment 3 results displayed that 75 mg.L‾¹ IBA rate applied on Babylon cultivar was the most potent treatment in relation to untreated treatment. It substantially increased the yield of dry seeds (86.4%), when compared to untreated control. Finally, experiment 4 results revealed that the application of 25 mg.L‾¹ NAA on the determinate Taka357 cultivar showed profound increases in yield of dry seeds (30.5%), as compared to control.Mesopotamia Seeds of four faba bean cultivars namely Aquadulce, Local Syrian, Babylon and Taka 357 were obtained from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the dry areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria; Agricultural Research Center, Mosul and Iraqi Atomic Energy Organization, Baghdad. Four growth regulators were sprayed twice with in 2 weeks intervals on faba bean plants, started with the commence of flowering, to investigate their ability of enhancing drought resistance of four faba bean cultivars by foliar spraying of N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid ( alar, B9) rates 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg.I‾¹ in Aquadulce; β-[(4-chlorophenyl)]-α-(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-1H -1,2,4triazole-1-ethanol (Cultar) rates 0, 50 75 or 100 mg.L‾¹ in Local Syrian; indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) rates 0, 50, 75 or 100 mg.L‾¹ in Babylon and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) rates 0, 25, 50 or 75 mg.L‾¹ in Taka357.The rates of each of the 4 chemical compounds were separately experienced in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) trail. Each treatment was replicated three times and each replicate was represented by 104 plants raised on both sides of a furrow (5Xo.8m) with intra hills space of (20cm) , 2 plants per hill.Field soil was clay of 56.4 clay, 12.3 sand and 31.3 silt of 21.8% field capacity , 12.9 wilting point and 1.6 g.cm-3 bulk density. One gypsum block was settled at 25 cm depth from top surface of the furrow to track s...
Anatomical alteration of leaf tissues components were investigated in regards to adequate and inadequate watering in Mungbean, Vetch and three Lentil cultivars namely Baraka, Adlib and Nineveh. The possibility of mitigating the alteration of these adversities by the aid of GA 3 was also investigated. Lentil plants irrigated by 50% level appeared to be the most effective treatment. This treatment manifested the best results as it exceeded that of 75% level in terms of cuticle thickness (69.3%), epidermis thickness (12%), and spongy layer thickness (7%). Moreover, it also exceeded that of 25% level in epidermis thickness (22.6%), palisade thickness (2.8%), spongy layer thickness (21%), and thickness of lower epidermis (4.5%). Irrigation level of 75% exceeded that of 25% level in epidermis thickness (9.4%), palisade thickness (3.1%), spongy layer thickness (13.1%), and thickness of lower epidermis (13%). Common Vetch irrigated by 25% level was the paramount treatment. It exceeded that of 50% irrigation level in terms of cuticle thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade thickness, spongy layer thickness, thickness of lower epidermis, and thickness of lower epidermis cuticle by 54.9, 12, 13.3, 37.1, 37.9, and 71.9%, respectively. Mungbean irrigated every 2 days exceeded that of Mungbean irrigated every 8 days in cuticle thickness (42.9%), epidermis thickness (22.2%), thickness of lower epidermis (5.1%), and thickness of lower epidermis cuticle (25%). 200 mgl -1 GA 3 Common Vetch treated plants exceeded that of untreated in term of stomata aperture length (22.4%), and stomata population (29.9%). Mungbean irrigated results every six days and sprayed with 200 mgl -1 GA 3 gave the highest stomata length (5.4 µm). Finally Baraka lentil cultivar revealed significant increases in stomata aperture 5.6% and 6.7%, as compared to Nineveh and Adlib, respectively. Baraka was also superior over Adlib stomata length (4%).
The experiment was carried out at the second research station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University during the winter season 2018-2019, to investigate the performance of four wheat cultivars namely Rasheed, IBA99, Bhooth and Abu Graib subjected K+ supplants to antagonize Na+ effect on growth, yield and genome of four wheat cultivars. Subsequently, varying irrigation water qualities were applied, namely Euphrates river water of 2.4 ds.m-1 electrical conductivity (EC), river water + 400 ppm of K+, saline water of 5 ds.m-1EC, and saline water+ 400 ppm of K+. The results revealed the superiority of K+ addition to river and salty water through irrigation substantially antagonized Na+ adversity. Where K+ improved the performance of river water and salty water in plant height (70.71and 72.25 cm, respectively) and leaf area (28.29, and 24.41cm2, respectively) as they compared to river water without K+ (63.83 cm and 21.87 cm2, respectively). IBA99 wheat cultivars showed superiority over others, since it gave the highest plant height (70.375 cm), 1000 seed weights (32.583 g) and grain number per spike (55.475), then comes in the second order Rasheed, as it gave the higher values in plant height (74.41 cm), 1000 seed weight (33.33 g), and spike length (14.816 cm), as compared to Bhooth and Abu Graib cultivars. Then Abu Graib comes in the third order, followed by the worst Bhooth cultivar. Rasheed X + river water + k+was the most potent dual combination, since it showed the highest plant height (78.66 cm), leaf area (35.05 cm2. - 1), and weight of 1000 grain reached (37.33 g). IBA99 + salt water + k+ combination manifested superiority in the grains number of spike which gave 61.36 g. Molecular analysis results in agreement with the those of the morphological analysis by the appearance of TaHKT2;2 gene bands very clear in the Rasheed cultivar, the DNA size of the gene reached 500 nucleotides. Indicating the clear genetic expression of the gene in the varieties (except Abu Graib), especially for the Rasheed cultivar with a combination (Rasheed with salt water + K+), and the positive role played by potassium ion in reducing the harmful effect of sodium ions, Rasheed in the breeding programs of wheat crop to the salt stress tolerance through the hybridization because of its superiority over the rest of the local varieties.
Three different experiment were conducted on Snowball Y. IMP Cauliflower Cultivar. Seeds were sown in seedbed to produce transplants. The obtained transplants were planted on furrows, and then they were sprayed twice, 2 weeks after transplanting and 4 months latter with either gibberellic acid (GA3) at rates of 0.0, 20, 30 and 40mg.l-1, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at rates of 0.0, 20, 30 and 40mg.l-1, or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at rates of 0.0, 20, 30 and 40mg.l-1 to improve the production of snowball Y. IMP cauliflower cultivar which was irrigated whenever 25% of soil water capacity is depleted to a soil depth of 30cm. The results revealed that snowball Y. IMP cauliflower cultivar required supplementary irrigation of 327.6 mm, besides 254.3 mm rainfalls, during the entire growing season. GA3 application substantially increased the yield of cauliflower particularly 40 mg.l-1 which gave the highest yield (3.65 kg.m-2), as compared to check (2.44 kg.m-2). Regression analysis displayed that cauliflower yield responses to GA3 application could be estimated by the following positive linear equation (Yield kg.m-2 = 2.35836 + 0.0313786(GA3rate)). IBA application substantially increased the yield of cauliflower particularly 40 mg.l-1 which gave the highest yield (7.61 kg.m-2) as compared to untreated control (5.74 kg.m-2). Regression analysis displayed that cauliflower yield responses to IBA application could be estimated by the following cubic equation (Yield kg.m-2 = 5.7375 + 0.599098(IBA rate) - 0.0436278(IBA rate)**2 + 0.0007442(IBA rate)**3). NAA application substantially increased the yield of cauliflower particularly 30 mg.l-1 which gave the highest yield (3.15 kg.m-2 ) as compared to check (1.4 kg.m-2). Regression analysis displayed that cabbage yield responses to NAA application could be estimated by the following positive linear equation (Yield kg.m-2 = 1.85084 + 0.0377673(NAA rate).
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