Se presenta un estudio etnobotánico en el territorio andino limítrofe entre la I Región y II Región de Chile, área que, históricamen-te, ha funcionado como un enlace entre diversas culturas andinas. Para la flora consultada (146 taxa), se registraron 384 vernáculos, correspondiendo el mayor porcentaje a las lenguas aymara-quechua (70% de los nombres). El 90% tenía utilización, registrándose un total de 228 usos, distribuidos en forrajes (36%), medicinas (31%) y comestibles (10%). Se registra: (a) Predominio de vernáculos aymara-quechua y etnocategorías, preferentemente, de acuerdo a la nomenclatura de la I Región; (b) Etnoclasificaciones con hasta tres niveles jerárquicos; (c) Frecuente uso del principio de opuestos complementarios, tanto en los criterios de distinción de especies como en los procedimientos terapéuticos de la flora; (d) Especies ceremoniales similares a las usadas en el extremo norte de Chile, Bolivia y Loa Superior; (e) Heterogeneidad dentro del territorio estudiado, entre las comunidades del área de Ollagüe y las residentes en el Oasis de Pica, tanto en las especies ceremoniales como en los nombres vernaculares. Estos rasgos destacan al área de estudio como transicional, entre las culturas del altiplano de la Región de Tarapacá y las de quebradas altas, de la Región de Antofagasta.Palabras claves: Etnobotánica andina, norte de Chile, transición cultural.
Historically, the Andean territorial boundary between Regions I and II of Chile has functioned as a link between diverse Andean cultures. Here, we present an ethnobotanical study from this region which indicates that for the consulted flora (146 taxa) we registered 384
2005. Pollen analyses from a 50 000-yr rodent midden series in the southern Atacama Desert (25 30 0 S).ABSTRACT: Precipitation in northern Chile is controlled by two great wind belts-the southern westerlies over the southern Atacama and points south ( > 24 S) and the tropical easterlies over the northern and central Atacama Desert (16-24 S). At the intersection of these summer and winter rainfall regimes, respectively, is a Mars-like landscape consisting of expansive surfaces devoid of vegetation (i.e. absolute desert) except in canyons that originate high enough to experience runoff once every few years. Pollen assemblages from 39 fossil rodent middens in one of these canyons, Quebrada del Chaco (25 30 0 S), were used to infer the history of vegetation and precipitation at three elevations (2670-2800 m; 3100-3200 m; 3450-3500 m) over the past 50 000 years. When compared to modern conditions and fossil records to the north and south, the pollen evidence indicates more winter precipitation at >52, 40-33, 24-17 k cal. yr BP, more precipitation in both seasons at 17-14 k cal. yr BP, and more summer precipitation from 14-11 k cal. yr BP. Younger middens are scarce at Quebrada del Chaco, and the few Holocene samples indicate hyperarid conditions comparable to today. The only exception is a pollen assemblage that indicates a brief but significant interlude of increased winter precipitation in the last millennium.
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