Efetuou-se revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da radiação ionizante como forma de conservação de alimentos. Foram abordados tópicos como sua evolução histórica, o princípio de funcionamento dos equipamentos, suas diferentes áreas de aplicação e, principalmente, sua utilização na conservação de alimentos. São apresentados os resultados de estudos realizados com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência da radiação ionizante na eliminação de vários micro-organismos em diversos produtos e o efeito da radiação ionizante nas características sensoriais e nutricionais dos alimentos. Apesar de já ter sido comprovada a segurança da aplicação da radiação ionizante em alimentos, da sua utilização ser permitida em diversos países e de ser cientificamente aceita como excelente método de conservação de alimentos, o progresso no seu uso comercial tem sido lento face às interpretações errôneas dos consumidores e à falta de informações sobre o uso dessa tecnologia.
This research assessed the phenolic composition of Jussara pulp from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES) using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Seventeen anthocyanins were detected in fruits, derived from cyanidin, pelargonidin and peonidin. Among the non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds, flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin derivatives), flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, B-type procyanidins and unknown dimers) and resveratrol in its glycosylated form have been identified. Catechin (32.41-60.56 mg 100g-1) and epicatechin (18.86-40.92 mg 100g-1) were the main flavan-3-ols present in the fruits. The samples showed small concentrations of resveratrol glycosides (0.02-0.91 mg 100g-1). The analytical methodology used (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) permitted the identification of newly reported compounds in this fruit.
The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 ºC/ 1 minute). Portions were stored at 4ºC for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage.
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