RESUMOO carvão vegetal é um produto de grande importância na economia brasileira, fato este ligado ao seu uso como fonte de energia renovável e redutor no setor siderúrgico. Esforços vêm sendo feitos visando à melhoria do processo de produção do carvão vegetal, o qual pode ser obtido em diferentes tipos de fornos, com rendimentos e qualidade variados. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento das características referentes à planta de carbonização pertencente à Saint Gobain Ltda. situada no município de Seropédica/RJ e analisar quimicamente o carvão produzido. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário e comparados aos de outras duas empresas do mesmo segmento. A análise das amostras de carvão vegetal foi realizada em laboratório, através da análise química imediata. Os fornos utilizados na produção de carvão vegetal existentes na planta de carbonização da empresa analisada caracterizam-se como fornos de superfície com chaminé. O rendimento médio observado da conversão da madeira em carvão vegetal foi de 50%. Na comparação com outros sistemas de carbonização, a empresa analisada apresentou valores intermediários em termos de rendimento do processo e o carvão vegetal produzido foi considerado de boa qualidade, apresentando elevado teor de carbono fixo (82,70%) e baixo teor de cinza (1,30%).Palavras-chave: energias renováveis, siderurgia, madeira para energia.
Case Study of a Carbonization Plant: Evaluation of Features and Quality of Charcoal Aiming Steel Use
ABSTRACTCharcoal is a product of great importance in the Brazilian economy, a fact linked to its use as a renewable energy source and reducing the steel industry. Efforts have been made aiming at improving the production process of charcoal, which can be obtained in different furnace types with varying yield and quality. Taking these factors into consideration, the aim of this study was to survey the characteristics relating to the carbonization plant belonging to the Saint Gobain Ltda. company, in the city of Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro-Brazil and chemically analyze the coal produced. The data were obtained through a questionnaire and compared to the other two companies in the same industrial segment. The analysis of charcoal samples was conducted in the laboratory through chemical analysis. The furnaces used in charcoal production in existing carbonization plant analyzed company are characterized as surface furnaces with chimney. The average output of the conversion of wood charcoal was 50%. Compared to other carbonization systems, the company analyzed showed intermediate values in terms of process yield and charcoal produced is considered good quality, with high fixed carbon content (82.70%) and low ash content (1,30%).
The Atlantic Forest is one of the largest and most biodiverse rainforests of South America but anthropogenic activities are drastically changing these landscapes. The invasion of alien or exotic species is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. There are few studies of invasive species in tropical Brazilian ecosystems. This research examines growth and ecological aspects of Syzygium cumini and Clitoria fairchildiana, two invasive tree species in the Pedra Branca State Park, an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil. Both species were successfully dated, indicating an average age of 58 and 31 years, respectively. A positive relationship between growth and precipitation of the previous growing season suggests an ecological adaptive strategy, which could be facilitating their invasion into the environment. Cumulative growth diameter curves indicate slow and fast growth rates for S. cumini and C. fairchildiana, respectively. Growth release episodes detected in the tree rings indicate increased anthropogenic disturbances over the last 50 years.
The exploitation of valuable native timber species in forest restoration projects has emerged as a promising strategy to make restoration financially viable. There are few studies regarding the quality of timber from restoration plantations. The aim of this study was to analyze growth stresses by determining the longitudinal residual strain (LRS) and evaluate their correlation with the growth variables in the species Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub in a 14-year old restoration plantation. Eighteen individuals were evaluated, determining the following variables: diameter at breast height (DBH), bark thickness, average annual growth in diameter (IMA) and annual periodic growth in diameter (IPA 2012-2015). The LRS was determined by the extensometer (CIRAD-Forêt), on DBH height and in the north-south direction of each tree. The LRS average was 0.072 mm, within the range of expected wood values for sawmilling. There was a significant positive correlation between the LRS, DBH and IMA.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.