Burnout syndrome is typified by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and low personal accomplishment (PS), and is prevalent among cancer care providers. The objective is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the presence of burnout syndrome in professionals dedicated to the care of cancer patients. A search was conducted of the MEDLINE, LILACS and COCHRANE databases. Articles were selected that had used the Maslach questionnaire to assess burnout syndrome prevalence, had evaluated at least 35 subjects (including physicians), had at least a 20% questionnaire response rate, and that were published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Ten studies (2375 participants) were included in this analysis. Severe involvement by any one of the three dimensions ranged from 8% to 51%. The overall prevalence of EE was found to be 36% [95% confidence interval (CI) (31-41)], while for DP this was 34% [95% CI (30-39)] and for PS 25% [95% CI (0.16-34)], demonstrating considerable heterogeneity across studies. The prevalence of burnout syndrome is elevated among cancer professionals throughout the world but varies substantially among studies. Further research is needed to better understand and prevent this syndrome.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION.Burnout syndrome which is prevalent among oncologists is characterized by three aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The purpose was to evaluate prevalence of the burnout syndrome among Brazilian medical oncologists and the variables that correlate with its presence. METHODS. A survey was conducted with members of the Brazilian Society of Medical Oncology (SBOC) who received three questionnaires (general, Maslach burnout questionnaire and an opinion survey) mailed to all 458 members. RESULTS. Response rate was of 22.3%. According to the criteria proposed by Grunfeld, which consider burnout present when at least one of the aspects is severely abnormal, prevalence of this syndrome was 68.6% (95% confidence interval, CI: 58.68% to 77.45%). By multivariate analysis having a hobby/physical activity, a religious affiliation, older age, living with a companion and rating vacation time as sufficient were correlated significantly and independently with burnout syndrome. CONCLUSIONS. The burnout syndrome is prevalent among Brazilian oncologists. Oncologists having sufficient personal and social resources to engage in a hobby, physical activity, have enough vacation time and religious activities are at lower risk of developing burnout.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in a real-life cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases enrolled at a tertiary referral center.The primary outcomes were clinical response and remission at 14, 24, and 52 weeks, and steroid-free remission rate (SFRR) at 52 weeks. Endoscopic response and remission rates at 52 weeks were the secondary outcomes. Results: Altogether 49 patients (22 with ulcerating colitis [UC] and 27 with Crohn'sDisease [CD]) were enrolled. The clinical response rate gradually dropped from 85% and 50% in CD and UC, respectively, at week 14 to 59% and 25% at week 52, with significantly a higher response in CD at week 14. The endoscopic response at week 52 was 55% in CD and 25% in UC (P = 0.21). CD group had a higher SFRR than UC group (41% vs 20%) at 52 weeks, although the difference was not statistically significant. Similar clinical and endoscopic rates were observed in biologic-naive and -experienced patients. We reported no discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions, and only mild to moderate events.Conclusions: In our cohort the clinical response in the induction phase was similar to those of registered trials, despite surprising better results for CD. During the maintenance phase we observed an higher drop out than in the reported literatures. Of note, its good safety profile makes vedolizumab a reliable choice in patients with contraindications to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. K E Y W O R D Sadverse event, anti-integrin, endoscopic remission, inflammatory bowel diseases, maintenance, swap therapy

INTRODUÇÃOO câncer é uma doença que está entre as principais causas de morte, constituindo atualmente no Brasil a segunda causa de mortalidade, sendo superado apenas pelas doenças cardiovasculares 1 . Segundo o Instituto Nacional de Câncer, a incidência no Brasil é de aproximadamente 400.000 novos casos por ano, sendo que destes cerca de 127.000 evoluem a óbito 1 . Nos EUA, esses números são ainda maiores, sendo que para o ano de 2004 a estimativa foi de 1.368.000 novos casos e 563.700 óbitos 2 . Apesar dos grandes avanços no tratamento oncológico, nem sempre é possível obter a cura; com isso, muitos pacientes passam a necessitar de cuidados que visam, além do controle da dor e de outros sintomas diversos, interferir nos aspectos psicológicos, sociais e espirituais, no intuito de investir na melhora de sua qualidade de vida 3 . O termo "palliare" tem origem no latim e significa proteger, amparar, cobrir, abrigar, ou seja, a perspectiva do cuidar e não somente curar 4 . De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), cuidados paliativos são definidos como cuidados ativos e totais aos pacientes quando a doença não responde aos tratamentos curativos, e o controle de sintomas torna-se prioridade, objetivando melhor qualidade de vida para pacientes e familiares 5 . Já o conceito de qualidade de vida pode ser definido como uma avaliação global que o sujeito faz da sua vida, e depende tanto das características do sujeito (demográficas, personalidade, valores, etc) como de moduladores externos, como a doença, seus sintomas e o tratamento que esta requer 5 . A depressão é comum em pacientes com câncer em estágio terminal e pode ser uma importante fonte de angústia tanto para o paciente como para seus parentes 6,7 . A importância de se diagnosticar a depressão em pacientes sob cuidados paliativos deve-se ao fato de que, além do comprometimento emocional, os pacientes deprimidos também apresentam sintomas físicos que são difíceis de "paliar" e que podem ser facilmente aliviados quando a depressão é tratada adequadamente, com a conseqüente melhora da qualidade de vida deste indivíduo 7 . Apesar dos benefícios observados com o tratamento da depressão, esta ainda permanece freqüentemente subdiagnosticada 8,9,10 . De fato, Maguire (1985) mostrou que mais de 80% das comorbidades psicoló-gicas e psiquiátricas presentes nos pacientes oncológicos passam despercebidas e não são tratadas 11 . Acredita-se que uma explicação para esta baixa taxa de detecção dever-se-ia a não comunicação efetiva do paciente com seu médico, por achar que, de alguma forma, seria o culpado pela sua angústia ou que estaria desperdiçando o tempo do profissional e, portanto, optaria por esconder seus verdadeiros sentimentos 12 . Na literatura brasileira, ainda são poucos os estudos que enfocam o paciente oncológico em cuidados paliativos, suas necessidades, sua qualidade de vida e a presença de depressão nesta fase de sua vida.

Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been growing in the last decades, especially in western countries, due to increased prevalence of diabetes, obesity or other components of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD recently became an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in non-cirrhotic patients. Patients with HCC-NAFLD are usually older, with more morbidities (especially cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders) and have advanced disease at the diagnosis due to the absence of surveillance, which is considered not cost-effective in patients without advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, given the large prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. For these reasons, patients with HCC-NAFLD unlikely underwent curative treatments, and have been reported to have lower overall survival (OS) compared to individuals with HCC related to other aetiologies. However, this difference is not confirmed by data of patient subgroups who received curative treatment. In our review, we selected studies published over the past 8 years that analyse characteristics and outcomes of HCC-NAFLD patients who underwent surgery with the aim of identifying features that could predict outcomes and potential selection criteria. All the studies confirm that patients with HCC-NAFLD are older, with many comorbidities and that HCC occurs frequently even in non-cirrhotic livers. There is no agreement about intraoperative and perioperative complications. Regarding outcomes, all papers agree that patients with HCC in NAFLD who undergo surgery have a better OS compared to other aetiologies. Summarizing, surgery is a good curative option for patients with HCC-NAFLD, perhaps even better than transplantation in terms of OS. In this group of patients, it seems to be essential to evaluate cardio-pulmonary and general operative risk, in addition to the normal risk assessment related to liver function to avoid an underestimation, especially for patients without severe underlying fibrosis.