Relação entre a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho e a baixa escolaridade dos trabalhadores no setor florestal Relationship between the work accidents occurrence and the low schooling level by the forest sctor workers
This study aimed to test the method of multi-criteria analysis, in the platform of the Geographic Information System (GIS), to perform mapping in levels of suitability for the mechanized harvesting of eucalyptus forests. The study was carried out using eucalyptus stands for cellulose production in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The main factors that influenced the mechanized forest harvesting were determined, as well as the technical and environmental constraints. The quantitative factors (declivity, productivity of the plots, volume per tree, age of planting and number of trees per hectare) were standardized using fuzzy logic. To combine the factors, weights for each of them were established through the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. From these weights, Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) was performed and a map of suitability for mechanized forest harvesting was generated. The mapping process allowed to classify the forest area into five suitability classes: very low (0.2%); low (3.3%); average (15.2%); high (53.0%) and very high (28.3%). The declivity factor was the criterion that most influenced the spatialization in the areas of suitability for forest harvesting with the harvester. The method of multi-criteria analysis has been shown to be an efficient tool to create maps of suitability for the operation with the harvester and to support wood harvest planning by identifying areas that tend to have lower or higher productivity.
Aiming to analyze the economic-financial feasibility of the use of light and medium trucks in the transport of the timber produced by small farmers within the process of forest production, two types of light trucks and two of medium trucks were evaluated in 14 rural properties in the State of Espírito Santo. Considering the transport cycles, distances, productivity of the forests, acquisition values, load capacity and fuel consumption of each truck, in addition to the cost of opening roads, nonlinear regression equations were adjusted to estimate the timber transport cost in the different scenarios evaluated. Transport costs were included in the cash flow of the forest production process, and the internal rate of return and net present value for all combinations were evaluated. The results configured the light truck in the 6x2 version as the most economically viable alternative for timber transport, with 125 km being the maximum feasible distance in forests with productivity up to 250 m3/ha. In forests with productivity above 300 m3/ha, the medium truck in the 6x2 version proved to be the most viable economic alternative in distances over 150 km. The light and medium trucks in the 4x2 version did not prove to be the best economic alternative in any of the evaluated situations. It is concluded that light trucks are an economically viable alternative for timber transport, in order to ensure the profitability and sustainability of the forestry business in small rural properties.
Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar a análise ergonômica do trabalho de seis atividades de colheita florestal em área danificada pelo vento. Para cada uma das atividades, foi realizada a avaliação biomecânica, através da aplicação do Modelo Biomecânico Tridimensional de Predição de Posturas e Forças Estáticas (3DSSPPTM), desenvolvido pela Universidade de Michigan, além dos fatores ambientais calor, vibração e ruído, de forma a determinar os riscos ergonômicos a que os trabalhadores estavam expostos durante o desenvolvimento da colheita florestal. A avaliação biomecânica indicou que para as atividades de extração e carregamento manual os valores de carga estavam acima do limite recomendado, com elevado risco de desenvolvimento de lesões na coluna vertebral e nas articulações avaliadas. As condições térmicas do ambiente de trabalho, apresentaram risco aos trabalhadores, principalmente no período da tarde e em todas as atividades. O ruído foi o fator ambiental que apresentou maior risco ergonômico aos trabalhadores das atividades de derrubada e traçamento, seguido da vibração. Conclui-se que a colheita de madeira em área danificada pelo vento possui elevado risco ergonômico para os trabalhadores durante a execução de suas atividades, o que, aliado as condições ambientais adversas, proporciona elevados e iminentes riscos de desenvolvimento de lesões e doenças osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho.
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