Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostics are crucial for proper antenatal and postnatal care and also for surveillance and serosurvey studies. Since the viremia during ZIKV infection is fleeting, serological testing is highly valuable to inform diagnosis. However, current serology tests using whole virus antigens frequently suffer from cross reactivity issues, delays, and technical complexity, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and endemic countries. Here, we describe an indirect ELISA to detect specific IgG antibodies using the ZIKV envelope domain III (EDIII) protein expressed in Drosophila S2 cells as an immunogen. Using a total of 367 clinical samples, we showed that the EDIII-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against ZIKV with high sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 94.7% when compared to plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) as the gold standard and using 0.208 as the cut-off OD value. These results show the usefulness of the recombinant envelope domain III as an alternative to standard whole virus proteins for ZIKV diagnostics as it improves the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA assay when used as an immunogen. This method should, therefore, be extended to serological diagnostic techniques for other members of the flavivirus genus and for use in IgM diagnostic testing.
BackgroundThe cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is the most commonly encountered orthopedic condition in dogs. Among the various techniques to treat this condition, tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) has been used to obtain rapid recovery of the affected knee. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) implanted in the osteotomy site obtained by TTA in nine dogs diagnosed with CCLR.MethodsThe MSC were isolated from the adipose tissue of the dogs and cultured for eight days, the animals were divided into two groups. Animals from the treated group (GT) received cell transport medium containing about 1.5 millions MSC, and the animals from the control group (GC) received only the cell transport medium. The study was performed in a double-blind manner using radiographs acquired on days 15, 30, 60 and 120 after the procedure. Evaluations of the density of the trabecular bone were performed using image analysis software. The results were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, followed by the normality test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test for p ≤ 0.05.ResultsAfter 30 days of the procedure, the animals of the GT presented an ossification mean 36.45% greater (p ≤ 0.033) than the GC, and there were no statistical differences for the other periods.ConclusionsDespite the total bone ossification within the expected period, there was no minimization of the estimated recovery time with the application of MSC, and inflammatory factors should be considered for reassessment of the therapeutic intervention time.
Objetivo: Revisar sobre os métodos indicados para diminuir a sensibilidade associada ao tratamento clareador. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram utilizados artigos científicos de 2018 a 2022, encontrados nas bases LILACS, BVS, SCIELO e ACERVO+ Index base. Resultados: Selecionou-se 14 artigos dos quais emergiram 3 categorias: Técnicas de clareamento; Sensibilidade; Prevenção a sensibilidade associada ao clareamento dental. Essas categorias mostram as técnicas para realizar o clareamento dental, bem como as técnicas para reduzir a sensibilidade dental. Considerações Finais: Existem duas técnicas utilizadas para o clareamento dentário, a caseira e a de consultório, podendo o cirurgião dentista associá-las ou não, também pode ser realizado o clareamento com o uso de luz violeta. Essas técnicas foram estudadas e desenvolvidas para o melhor conforto do paciente, e para alcançar a satisfação de um sorriso bonito, que é o que muitos buscam, porém, essas técnicas podem apresentar como reação adversa a sensibilidade dentária necessitando de técnicas e meios que minimizem esse efeito.
The functions of the cloacal bursa are not known in great detail; therefore, detailed morphophysiological studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between this structure and the immunity of birds. A quantitative analysis was performed to determine the volume density of lymphocytes (Vv[lymphocytes]) and connective tissue density arranged along the organ. Cloacal bursa, from male and female Gallus gallus domesticus, aged between one and seven weeks old, were separated in seven groups according to age (G1 to G7). Histological sections were stained with hematoxilin-eosin and Picrosirius red to differentiate lymphocytes and connective tissue, respectively. Vv(lymphocytes) increased up to 4 weeks, decreasing in subsequent weeks. Connective tissue density increased throughout the seven weeks studied. Areas of intense lymphopoiesis were observed from G1 to G4 and areas of distancing between the cells and early tissue necrosis were observed from G5 to G7. Therefore, the increase in the lymphocytes number expected during the development and maturation periods of the cloacal bursa occurred in the first four weeks. From that period, the involution process started, lymphoid depletion was observed while connective tissue density increased. These processes occurred as simultaneous and inversely proportional events during the remodeling process of the organ. A bolsa cloacal apresentou alterações em sua constituição ao longo das sete semanas analisadas. As expected and described in literature, the main alterations observed were the lymphocyte depletion and the increasing in connective tissue density that did not follow a regular pattern, but occurred in simultaneous events and in a inversaly proportional way.
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