BackgroundPropolis is a natural substance produced by bees and is known to have antimicrobial activity. Our aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of micellar nanocomposites loaded with an ethyl acetate extract of Brazilian red propolis as a cavity cleaning agent and its influence on the color and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of the dentin/resin interface.MethodsAn ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) assay was used to determine the flavonoids and isoflavones present in an ethyl acetate extract of Brazilian red propolis (EARP) and micellar nanocomposites loaded with EARP (MNRP). The antimicrobial activity of EARP and MNRP was tested against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. One of the following experimental treatments was applied to etched dentin (phosphoric acid, 15 s): 5 μL of MNRP (RP3, 0.3%; RP6, 0.6%; or RP1, 1.0% w/v), placebo, and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Single Bond adhesive (3 M/ESPE) was applied and a 4-mm-thick resin crown (Z350XT, 3 M/ESPE) was built up. After 24 h, the teeth were sectioned into sticks for the μTBS test and scanning electron microscopy. Spectrophotometry according to the CIE L*a*b* chromatic space was used to evaluate the color. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test or Kruskal-Wallis test and the same test for pairwise comparisons between the means (P < 0.05).ResultsThe UPLC-DAD assay identified the flavonoids liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, and isoliquiritigenin and the isoflavonoids daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A in the EARP and micellar nanocomposites. EARP and MNRP presented antimicrobial activity against the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and for Candida albicans. ΔE values varied from 2.31 to 3.67 (P = 0.457). The mean μTBS for RP1 was significantly lower than for the other groups (P < 0.001). Dentin treated with RP1 showed the shortest resin tags followed by RP6 and RP3.ConclusionsThe EARP and (MNRP) showed antimicrobial activity for the main agents causing dental caries (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and for Candida albicans. MNRP at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.6% used as a cavity cleaner do not compromise the aesthetics or μTBS of the dentin/resin interface.
This study presents how the tooth whitening affects the bond strength and fracture type of three distinct adhesivesa conventional, a self-etching, and a universal adhesivein enamel. Health bovine incisors were prepared by flattening the labial surface; part of these teeth was submitted to whitening treatment with a peroxide-based product (WhiteGold Office © 35%). The Single Bond © , AdheSE © , or Single Bond Universal © adhesive system were used to adhere a block of restorative resin to the flat surface of the teeth. Sticks measuring 10x1x1 mm were prepared and used in microtensile tests; they were also employed to examine the type of fracture. The results are analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. For both whitened and non-whitened specimens, the adhesive systems did not give statistically different bond strength values. However, the fracture shape (classified into four types) varied from a cohesive enamel type fracture for the whitened samples to a predominantly cohesive resin type fracture for the non-whitened teeth. Therefore, the whitening procedure has exerted a weakening effect on enamel even after 21 days post-treatment.
Whiskers são pequenos filamentos que crescem na superfície do estanho depositado (ou eletrodepositado) sobre um metal, em geral o cobre que provocam panes em equipamentos médicos de alta tecnologia, equipamento militares, satélites, etc. Este trabalho objetiva quantificar informações a respeito dos whiskers de estanho, tanto em termos tecnológicos como também científico. Na prospecção científica utilizou-se a base de dados do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. A prospecção tecnológica deu-se através de buscas em bases do INPI, da WIPO, do THE LENS, do Espacenet e do USPTO. Foram recuperados 239 trabalhos acadêmicos publicados e apenas 112 depósitos para whisker de estanho. Há uma prevalência de empresas se apresentam como as maiores detentoras das patentes depositadas, preferencialmente com classificação IPC C25, H01 e H05, compatível com a corrida para mitigar os caros impactos do surgimento dos whiskers.
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