La posición, identidad y rol social determinan los niveles de interacción positiva con nuestro entorno y, por ende, la capacidad del individuo para construir un tejido social estable que repercuta en los recursos psicosociales de la persona para afrontar sucesos de índole estresante. El estigma, el aislamiento y el desajuste de los roles sociales positivos fomentan la creación de espacios de exclusión en los que las personas con discapacidad intelectual ven imposibilitado el desarrollo de un plan de vida autónomo y de calidad. Residir en una comunidad no significa ser parte de ella, estar integrado en la misma o participar de forma activa. El trabajo en pro de la calidad de vida debe estar ligado al incremento de las redes sociales de apoyo estables y funcionalmente positivas, de la integración y la participación comunitarias y de la creación de espacios inclusivos que aborden de forma crítica el feedback sociedad-persona con discapacidad intelectual. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la realización de 125 entrevistas a personas tuteladas residentes en centros de atención a personas con discapacidad y/o residencias para personas mayores muestran déficits en los niveles de bienestar psicosocial que correlacionan de forma significativa con la calidad de vida. Además, se analizarán los citados resultados en función del sexo, el grado reconocido de dependencia y el tipo de alojamiento.
This chapter describes the use of different artistic expression strategies in a participatory action research process. The protagonists of this project are young people with intellectual disabilities and their families in the context of a socio-occupational training programme at the university. The main objective of the research is to explore themes around the overprotection–autonomy continuum from the participants’ perspectives. A set of artistic techniques from different disciplines (visual art, performing art, and music) were used as a means to discuss and define the terms and their implications. Critically, this was in a participatory manner. At the beginning, the young people and their parents worked separately and independently following the same research steps and performing similar activities. The process and the methodology created opportunities to bridge the gap and increase mutual understanding that would not be possible through the daily interactions of normal life. Concrete examples are presented that highlight the benefits and difficulties of introducing activities not commonly found in a university environment. The analysis also includes a critical reflection about the possible use of art techniques in participatory action research projects with people with intellectual disabilities.
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