Anacardiaceae are largely tropical trees, shrubs and lianas of the order Sapindales, characterized by production of three types of toxic phenols: biflavonoids, alkylcatechols and alkylresorcinols. Anatomical, morphological and rbcL sequence data were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of a group of Anacardiaceae and address questions about the origin and evolution of these toxic phenolic compounds. Their evolutionary patterns are discussed in relation to the group of Hemipteran insects that feed on Anacardiaceae. Our study included 22 taxa of Anacardiaceae and the results support previous phylogenetic studies in that two clades are detected: a basal clade, with Spondias and related genera that do not produce toxic phenolic compounds, and a second clade with the remaining genera, i.e., those that produce biflavonoids, as do species of Burseraceae. The evolutionary patterns of alkylcatechols and alkylresorcinols are not straightforward; these substances are produced in unrelated groups of genera. We suggest, however, that Hemipteran insects do not feed on taxa of Anacardiaceae that produce alkylcatechols.

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En el presente estudio se describen algunas de las adaptaciones de las flores de Ipomoea murucoides con respecto a su interacción con los visitantes florales así como el sistema de reproducción sexual en una Selva Baja Caducifolia de México. La antesis crepuscular, el patrón en la producción de néctar y la concentración de azúcares, el pedicelo robusto y el color y tamaño de las flores son congruentes con el síndrome floral de la quiropterofília. No obstante, se observó que además del murciélago Anoura geoffroyi, las flores de I. murucoides también las visitaron durante el día colibrí-es (Colibri thalassinus, Eugenes fulgens y Heliomaster constantii), abejas carpinteras (Xylocopa guatemalensis y X. tenuata) y escarabajos (Cerambycidae). Los murciélagos, al ser los primeros visitantes de las flores, resultaron ser los polinizadores más importantes de I. murucoides, una especie alógama y, al parecer, autoincompatible.Palabras clave: Autoincompatibilidad, Éxito reproductor, Polinización, Quiropterofilia. Abstract Floral biology and pollination of Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) in Ixtapan del Oro, State of Mexico (Mexico)The present study describes some of the Ipomoea murucoides flowers adaptations regarding to floral visitors interactions and sexual reproduction system in a deciduous forest in Mexico. Crepuscular anthesis, nectar production pattern and sugar concentration, robust pedicel, color and flower size are consistent with chiropterophilous floral syndrome. However, it was observed that in addition to the Anoura geoffroyi bats, the I. murucoides flowers are also visited during the day by hummingbirds (Colibri thalassinus, Heliomaster constantii and Eugenes fulgens), carpenter bees (Xylocopa guatemalensis and X. tenuata) and beetles (Cerambycidae). The bats, being the first flowers visitors, turned out to be the most important I. murucoides pollinators, an apparently self-incompatible and allogamous plant.

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