Festivals can improve the image of host communities, making them an appealing destination and boosting local economy. However, it is hard to measure their actual impact, which is a key factor to justify governments’ initiatives. This study aims to verify how accurate direct expenditure analysis can be. First, the impact of new visitors’ expenditure is calculated based on a survey. Then, consumption indicators are used to forecast the actual economic impact of the festival. Finally, both results are compared. Even though the values gathered with consumption indicators are only a lower bound of the festival’s impact, this study found that assessing expenditure intentions during the festival leads to impact estimates that can be three times higher. The theoretical contribution of this study is to identify direct expenditure analysis weaknesses and how to reduce their effects.
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This article discusses what happens in our body and the response in the organizational environment addressing the chemical of stress and the chemical of happiness from dopamine (motivation hormone); serotonin (lead hormone); and oxytocin (trust hormone), correlating these chemicals to measure the level of trust that Brazilian workers have in their leaderships. The seriousness of the study of the chemical of happiness in the organizational environment is largely due to the understanding that they perform several important functions, especially decision making, which favors the execution of tasks. Within this context, especially with regard to decision making, the study of the love hormone, triggered by positive emotions through the chemical of happiness, or contrary, through the release of high doses of cortisol, has been shown to be necessary in the factor of prevention of negative consequences that reflects on mental health, culture and organizational climate, causing conflicts among employees, impairing cognitive potential, creativity and problem solving, making employees work unmotivated, causing, for the most part, or turnover. In order to discuss this subject, the methodology used was the qualitative research of an exploratory nature and literature review that, together with the data collection, sought to address the objectives of this article.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI would like to start from thanking my supervisor, Professor Carlos Jerónimo, for all the support provided, availability, encouragement, guidance, and knowledge shared throughout this whole process. More than a professor, Professor Carlos Jerónimo represents a mentor to me, who is a reference and an inspiration for my professional life.A genuine thank you to my parents and brother, who have always supported me during my path as a management student, being always present to give me encouragement, motivation and provide good energies and so much love. You are the biggest loves of my life. A very special thank you to my boyfriend Hugo, for all the weekends and working days we spent together, always supporting each other, helping each other, encourage each other, motivate each other, and laugh with each other. I love you. To my lovely family, a huge thank you for always being on my side to support me and demonstrate the pride you have on me. To my shining star, who would be so proud to watch me accomplish this achievement, you truly have been a big strength throughout my life and I want to dedicate this to You, my dear grandpa.To my colleagues from ISCTE, that more than colleagues we become true friends, we were all together in this journey, and I am so proud of us for this achieving.To my dear friends, despite I haven't spent much time with you this last year, thank you for supporting me and give me strength, and especially for you friendship.Last but not least, the development of this dissertation was only possible with the participation and contribution of the management professionals. To all of you, who have such a busy life and welcomed me with so much empathy and responsiveness, I would like to express my genuine gratitude.A truly thank you all! ii SUMMARY In a world characterized by intense competition, outsourcing has infiltrated the management world in a major way. Outsourcing services are becoming an increasingly important source to companies focus on their core competencies, reduce costs, and increase efficiency in several organizational functions.Even though outsourcing of business activities has become a prevalent practice amongst organizations, the literature provides only a one-dimensional view of the phenomenon by focusing on the service receivers' perspectivesbuyer.This dissertation overcomes this weakness by investigate and analyze the business models of outsourcing companiesvendor -as a way to understand how they reach a sustainable competitive advantage that differentiates them in a competitive market. Hence, the whole investigation explores the service provider's perspectives by conducting interviews to 16 top executives from 15 different outsourcing companies in Portugal.The findings suggest that all the organizations presented in the study face the same challenges/pains in the market and each of them manifest an exclusive combination of mechanisms, methods, strategies and approaches within their business models to be differentiated in the market and sustainable in terms of effici...
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