PEDRO DE ALCANTARA LISBOA, BRAZILIAN CHEMIST OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The subject of the present article is a Brazilian chemist who lived and worked in the nineteenth century and who is hardly known today. He was the first person in Brazil, still in the first half of the nineteenth century, to write chemical equations in the description of actual reactions, and also the first to use equations in order to perform stoichiometric calculations. Although commonplace and trivial today, these were quite innovative in the 1840’s. He had a diploma from the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of Paris, from which he graduated in 1845 as a “chemical civil engineer”. Back in Brazil he continued his career, pioneering different aspects of chemistry in the country, and publishing continuously for a number of years on several chemical topics, as well as in other technical subjects. After what seemed to be a meteoric career, he became disillusioned with many setbacks, mostly political, and took up a different career, as a mathematician.
GLASS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN LIFE AND IN CHEMISTRY. Glass is one of the most important materials both in ordinary life, in which its presence is felt everywhere, as in the laboratory, be it a chemical or any other laboratory. This article discusses glass in many aspects, including its composition, or compositions, history and applications, both as a component of civilization as a practical and ordinary component in thousands of uses as an indispensable material. Also will be discussed many of its scientific applications, particularly in chemistry. A survey will also be presented of the origins and present state of glass techniques in Brazil.
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