O presente trabalho consistiu na caracterização microbiológica de lixiviados gerados a partir de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde e domiciliares para subsidiar a discussão do tratamento e disposição final diferenciados para os resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde. Foram analisados: coliformes totais e termotolerantes; Escherichia coli, Enterococos, Salmonella e outras enterobactérias; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, análise da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos e pesquisa da atividade antimicrobiana do lixiviado. Foram observadas densidades expressivas das populações microbianas em resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde e domiciliares com valores que variaram de 10(8) a 10(9). Em ambos os lixiviados, ocorreram estirpes resistentes e sensíveis aos antimicrobianos, e nenhuma delas apresentou resistência a todos os antibióticos testados. Os resultados mostraram semelhanças entre ambos os tipos de resíduos e reforçam a recomendação de codisposição de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde e domiciliares em aterros sanitários.
Two experimental cells with household solid waste and healthcare solid waste were monitored in order to evaluate the pollution potential, and its toxicity effects corresponding to the chemical substances present in the leachates generated, correlating the physico–chemical composition with the ecotoxicity results (organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Danio rerio). From the statistical evaluation of the physico–chemical analysis results, leachate generated in the household solid waste cell presented greater or equal values than to the healthcare solid waste cell, except for the turbidity parameter. The ecotoxicity results showed the same behaviour as that obtained with the physico–chemical analysis. A significant positive correlation was verified between chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen parameters with the leachate toxicity. This study concluded that healthcare solid waste presented less or equal polluting potential compared with household solid waste, and the co-disposal can be considered a viable alternative in sanitary landfills.
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