Resumo -A eliminação genética das enzimas lipoxigenases (Lox 1, Lox 2 e Lox 3) é uma das maneiras de se contornar os problemas associados ao sabor indesejável de "feijão cru" das sementes da soja. Visando elucidar a influência dessa eliminação genética nas características agronômicas da planta de soja e nos componentes de produção, a variedade comercial de soja FT-Cristalina RCH e suas linhagens, obtidas por retrocruzamentos, sem as três lipoxigenases nas sementes (linhagens triplo-nulas) e com as três lipoxigenases (triplo-positivas), foram avaliadas em três épocas de semeadura. A variedade comercial foi mais homogênea que as linhagens com ou sem lipoxigenases, indicando presença de quantidade significativa de genes dos progenitores não-recorrentes nas linhagens, principalmente nas sem lipoxigenases. A semeadura em diferentes épocas evidenciou variação entre os materiais genéticos (variedade comercial, linhagens com ou sem lipoxigenase nas sementes), tanto nas características da planta quanto nos componentes de produção de grãos. A eliminação genética das lipoxigenases das sementes não afetou negativamente as características agronômicas da variedade FT-Cristalina RCH.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, sabor da soja, época de semeadura. Effect of genetic elimination of seed lipoxygenases on agronomic characteristics of soybeanAbstract -The genetic elimination of lipoxygenase (Lox 1, Lox 2 and Lox 3) enzymes from soybean seeds is a way to overcome the problems associated with the undesirable beany flavor of soybean seeds. Aiming at elucidating the influence of this genetic elimination on the agronomic characteristics of the soybean plants and grain yield components, the commercial variety of soybean FT-Cristalina RCH and its backcross derived lines, lacking the three lipoxygenases in the seeds (triple-null) and with these enzymes (triple-positive) were evaluated at three sowing dates. The commercial variety was more homogeneous than the lines with or without lipoxygenases, indicating the presence of significant amount of genes of the non-recurrent progenitors in the lines, mainly in the triple-null. The different sowing dates evidenced more differences among genetic materials (commercial variety, triple-null and triple-positive lines), in plant characteristics and grain yield components. The genetic elimination of lipoxygenases of the seeds did not negatively affect the agronomic characteristics of FT-Cristalina RCH soybean variety.Index terms: Glycine max, soybean flavor, sowing date.(1) Aceito para publicação em 24 de maio de 2002.(2) Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), CEP 36571-000 Viçosa, MG. Bolsista do Bioagro. E-mail: com@uepg.br (3) UFV. E-mail: csediyama@ufv.br, moreira@ufv.br, msreis@ufv.br, vsrocha@ufv.br, malmeida@ufv.br IntroduçãoA soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) é a cultura de grãos mais importante do País. O complexo-soja, que compreende grãos, farelo e óleo, tem captado divisas no mercado internacional da ordem de US$ 4 bilhões ao ano nas últimas safras (Câmara, 1998).Os grãos de soja são util...
The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] crop holds a prominent position in the Brazilian economy because of the extension of the planted area and volume of grain production, but the beany flavor has been a limiting factor for soybean derivatives consumption by western population. This flavor is produced mainly by action of lipoxygenase enzymes (Lox1, Lox2 and Lox3), present in some commercial varieties. The genetic elimination of the alleles that codify these enzymes is the most appropriate way to avoid problems associated to this deleterious flavor. To elucidate the effect of seed lipoxygenase elimination on the resistance to plant pathogens, normal varieties of soybean (FT-Cristalina RCH, Doko RC and IAC-12) and their backcross-derived lines, both with the three lipoxygenases present in their seeds (triple-positive, TP) and without the three lipoxygenases (triple-null, TN), were tested for their resistance to stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis), frogeye leaf spot ( Cercospora sojina Hara), and powdery mildew ( Microsphaera diffusa Cke. & Pk.). All genetic materials studied were resistant to stem canker. FT-Cristalina RCH and Doko-RC and their TP and TN lines were resistant to frogeye leaf spot. IAC-12 and its derived lines not only presented a higher disease index, but also the derived lines, TP and TN, were more susceptible, indicating the loss of genes for disease resistance in the backcrosses. There was no association between the elimination of lipoxygenases from the seeds with the resistance to frogeye leaf spot. In relation to the powdery mildew, TP or TN lines presented similar or higher resistance than their respective recurrent parents whose susceptibility appeared in the following order: IAC-12, less susceptible, Doko-RC, intermediate and FT-Cristalina RCH, more susceptible. Key words: Glycine max, breeding, genetics RESISTÊNCIA AO CANCRO-DA-HASTE, À CERCOSPORIOSE E AO OÍDIO DE LINHAGENS DE SOJA SEM LIPOXIGENASES NAS SEMENTESRESUMO: A cultura da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] ocupa lugar de destaque na economia brasileira, tanto em termos de área plantada, quanto de produção de grãos. A presença de gosto de feijão cru tem sido limitante para o consumo de derivados de soja pelos povos ocidentais. Esse sabor característico é proporcionado pelas enzimas lipoxigenases (Lox1, Lox2 e Lox3). A eliminação dessas enzimas, pela manipulação genética dos alelos que as codificam, é a maneira mais adequada de contornar os problemas associados ao sabor desagradável. Visando elucidar a participação das lipoxigenases, no processo de resistência da soja a patógenos, variedades normais de soja (FT-Cristalina RCH, Doko RC e IAC-12) e suas respectivas linhagens obtidas por retrocruzamentos, sem as três lipoxigenases nas sementes (triplo-nulas -TN) e com as três lipoxigenases (triplo-positivas -TP), foram testadas quanto às suas resistências ao cancro-da-haste ( Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis), à cercosporiose (Cercospora sojina Hara) e ao oídio (Microsphaera diffusa Cke. & Pk.
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