Banknote security is an issue that has led in the last decades to insert, inside the banknote itself, a very high number of controlling methods with the aim of verifying possible tampering attempts. In order to distinguish the false banknotes, sophisticated means (i.e. watermark, feel of the paper, raised print, metallic threads, quality of the printing, holograms, ultraviolet features, micro-lettering, etc) are often used. The purpose of this paper is to show a new approach and related method to protect banknotes and to verify their originality, based on the idea of hylemetry (methodology conceptually similar to biometry) applied to banknotes. Specifically, the hylemetric feature used in this paper is the random distribution pattern of the metallic security fibers set into the paper pulp. The outcome of the proposed solution is to identify an original banknote using a binary sequence derived from the banknote itself.
On the basis of the Legal issue there is the problematic of validate signature as well as handwritten documents. A helpful method in this sense is the so-called Superposed Strokes Analysis, based on the observation of some characteristics in the writing, such as some letters and their dynamic. This paper introduces a new promising technique for the Superposed Strokes Analysis based on the Conoscopic Holography. Through a non-contact three-dimensional measure is created a 3D profile of the superposed strokes that allow a more suitable analysis based on particular writing characteristics. In conclusion, we propose an opto-electronic application, integrated with multimedia techniques, in order to improve the Graphology Analysis during Legal issues.
In this paper we present a content fragile watermarking based on a computer generated hologram coding technique. Content fragile watermarking techniques aim to prevent tampering and fraudulent use of modified images. A content fragile watermark monitors the integrity of the content of the image but not its numerical representation. Therefore, the watermark is designed so that the integrity is proven if the content of the image has not been tampered with. However, if parts of the image are replaced, the watermark information should indicate evidence of forgery. Using computer generated hologram watermarking, the embedded mark could be easily recovered by means of a Fourier transform. Due to this fact the host image can be tampered with and watermarked with the same holographic pattern. To avoid this possibility we have introduced an encryption method using a private key. The proposed technique is suitable for use for freelancers' photography authentication. It could be applied to colour images as well as to grey-scale ones. The proposed schema is based on the knowledge of the original mark from the authentication entity, to apply image correlation between this and the extracted one.
Nowadays all the National Central Banks are continuously studying innovative anti-counterfeiting systems for banknotes. In this note, an innovative solution is proposed, which combines the potentiality of a hylemetric approach (methodology conceptually similar to biometry), based on notes' intrinsic characteristics, with a well-known and consolidated 2D barcode identification system. In particular, in this note we propose to extract from the banknotes a univocal binary control sequence (template) and insert an encrypted version of it in a barcode printed on the same banknote. For a more acceptable look and feel of a banknote, the superposed barcode can be stamped using IR ink that is visible to near-IR image sensors. This makes the banknote verification simpler.
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