Summary Aim: Contribution of 3-phase 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in suspected prostate cancer recurrence at early rise of PSA. Patients, methods: Retrospective analysis was performed in 47 patients after initial treatment with radiotherapy (n = 30) or surgery (n = 17). Following CT, 10 minutes list-mode PET acquisition was done over the prostate bed after injection of 300 MBq of 18F-fluorocholine. Three timeframes of 3 minutes each were reconstructed for analysis. All patients underwent subsequent whole body PET/CT. Delayed pelvic PET/CT was obtained in 36 patients. PET/CT was interpreted visually by two observers and SUVmax determined for suspicious lesions. Biopsies were obtained from 13 patients. Results: Biopsies confirmed the presence of cancer in 11 of 13 patients with positive PET for a total of 15 local recurrences in which average SUVmax increased during 14 minutes post injection and marginally decreased in delayed scanning. Conversely inguinal lymph nodes with mild to moderate metabolic activity on PET showed a clearly different pattern with decreasing SUVmax on dynamic images. Three-phase PET/CT contributed to the diagnostic assessment of 10 of 47 patients with biological evidence of recurrence of cancer. It notably allowed the discrimination of confounding blood pool or urinary activity from suspicious hyperactivities. PET/CT was positive in all patients with PSA ≥ 2 ng/ml (n = 34) and in 4/13 patients presenting PSA values <2 ng/ml. Conclusion: 18F-fluorocholine 3-phase PET/CT showed a progressively increasing SUVmax in biopsy confirmed cancer lesions up to 14 minutes post injection while decreasing in inguinal lymph nodes interpreted as benign. Furthermore, it was very useful in differentiating local recurrences from confounding blood pool and urinary activity.

We present an analysis of the deepest hard X-ray survey to date of about 2500 deg 2 performed by the IBIS instrument on board INTEGRAL in the 20−60 keV band, with a total exposure time of 4 Ms. We find 34 candidate sources, for which we try to find counterparts at other wavelengths. The ratio of Seyfert 1 to Seyfert 2 is significantly more than the ratio found in the optical. This effect may be explained in the framework of the receding-torus model, but could also be due to absorption columns large enough to affect the 20−60 keV band. None of the predicted Compton-thick objects with 10 24 < N H < 10 25 cm −2 is detected unambiguously; when taking lower limits on N H into account, the fraction of these objects is found to be lower than 24%. We do not see, but cannot exclude, a relationship between absorption and luminosity similar to what is seen in the 2−10 keV band. Our data suggests the possibility of a lack of objects with 10 21 ≤ N H ≤ 10 22 cm −2 , which could be expected if absorption has two origins, for instance a torus-like structure and the host galaxy. We find that the Log N−Log S diagram of our sources is compatible with those obtained in other surveys in hard X-rays. Compared to models of the AGN population selected in the 2−10 keV band, the Log N−Log S diagram is generally in good agreement, but the N H distribution is significantly different, with significantly less unabsorbed sources (N H < 10 22 cm −2 ) at a given flux limit compared to the models. In this survey, we resolve about 2.5% of the cosmic X-ray background in the 20−60 keV band. We also study the local hard X-ray luminosity function, which is compatible with what is found in other recent hard X-ray surveys. The characteristic luminosity Log L * 20−60 keV = 43.66 is found to be a factor about 5 lower than the value observed in the 2−10 keV band. We find a space density of 10 −3 AGN with L 20−60 keV > 10 41 per Mpc 3 and a corresponding luminosity density of 0.9 × 10 39 erg s −1 Mpc −3 .

Proteomic analysis of tissues has advanced in recent years as instruments and methodologies have evolved. The ability to retrieve peptides from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues followed by shotgun or targeted proteomic analysis is offering new opportunities in biomedical research. In particular, access to large collections of clinically annotated samples should enable the detailed analysis of pathologically relevant tissues in a manner previously considered unfeasible. In this paper, we review the current status of proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues with a particular focus on targeted approaches and the potential for this technique to be used in clinical research and clinical diagnosis. We also discuss the limitations and perspectives of the technique, particularly with regard to application in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.