The development of SiO x electrode with high mass loading, which is an important prerequisite for practical lithium-ion batteries, remains an arduous challenge by using existing binders. Herein, we propose a three-in-one design strategy for binder systems in allintegrated SiO x electrodes. "Hard" poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) and "soft" thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are interweaved into 3D conformation to confine SiO x particles via in-situ polymerization. In the electrode system, PFA works as a framework and TPU servers as a buffer, and H-bonding interactions are formed between the components. Benefiting from the three-pronged collaborative strategy, PFA-TPU/SiO x electrode exhibits an areal capacity of 2.4 mAh cm −2 at a high mass loading of >3.0 mg cm −2 after 100 cycles. Such a binder system is also extended to other potential metal oxides anode with high mass loading, e.g., Fe 2 O 3 and SnO 2 , thus shedding light on rational design of functional polymer binders for high-areal-capacity electrodes.

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Conventional polymer binder in a lithium−sulfur (Li−S) battery, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), suffers from insufficient ion conductivity, poor polysulfide-trapping ability, weak mechanical property, and requirement of organic solvents, which significantly encumber the industrial application of Li−S battery. Herein, a water-soluble binder with trifunctions, covalently cross-linked quaternary ammonium cationic starch (c-QACS), is developed to confront these issues. Similar to the poly(ethylene oxide) solid electrolytes, the c-QACS binder remarkably improves Li + ion transfer capacity. The abundant O actives endow the c-QACS binder with admirable lithium polysulfide-trapping capability to retard the shuttle effect. In addition, the formed 3D network effectively maintains the electrode integrity during cycling. Benefiting from the above merits, the sulfur cathode with the c-QACS binder demonstrates a performance improvement of 300 and 150% compared with sulfur cathode with PVDF and bulk QACS binder after 100 cycles at 0.2C.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), which currently lacks effective preventive measures, has caused tremendous economic losses to the pig husbandry. Obtaining the strain of PCV3 is the key to preparing related vaccines and developing corresponding antiviral drugs. In this study, according to the linear sequence of PCV3 DNA published on GenBank, the sequence was rearranged with SnapGene gene-editing software, and after rearrangement, the HindIII restriction endonuclease site was added to the end of the linear DNA, so that both ends have the same restriction endonuclease site. On this basis, the rearranged linear DNA is obtained by gene synthesis, PCR amplification, DNA purification, etc., and is digested and connected in vitro to obtain cyclized DNA. PCV3 infectious clones were obtained by transfecting 3D4/21 cell lines. The obtained PCV3 was identified by PCR, Western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The results showed that this study successfully obtained the strain of PCV3 in vitro. To further evaluate the pathogenicity of the obtained PCV3 infectious clones, this study established an animal model of Kunming mice infected with PCV3. The results of RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that PCV3 can infect myocardium and alveoli of Kunming mice, but no PCV3 was detected in other tissues. The above studies indicate that PCV3 circular DNA can be used to construct PCV3 infectious clones. This research will provide a new method for the construction of circular DNA viruses and lay the foundation for the research and pathogenesis of PCV3 vaccine.

The practical applications of flexible supercapacitor depend strongly on the successful fabrication of advanced electrode materials with high electrochemical performance. Herein, three-dimensional conductive network-based self-standing MnCO3@graphene/CNT hybrid film fabricated through a combination of a hydrothermal method and vacuum filtration for flexible solid-state supercapacitors is reported. The MnCO3@graphene structure is embedded in a CNT network, in which monodispersed MnCO3 nanorod is well confined in graphene nanosheets. This hierarchical structure provides rapid electron/electrolyte ion transport pathways and exhibits excellent structural stability, resulting in rapid kinetics and a long life cycle. The MnCO3@graphene/CNT electrode delivers high specific capacity (467.2 F g–1 at 1 A g–1). Asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices are assembled with the MnCO3@graphene/CNT film as positive electrode and activated carbon/carbon cloth as negative electrode, which exhibits a high energy density of 27 W h kg–1. Remarkably, 93% capacitance retention is obtained for the ASC devices after 6000 cycles.