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Today, the use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) transfer lines is increasing day by day for drinking water, wastewater, sewerage networks, rainwater drainage lines, water transport structures, and natural energy sources, etc. In this study, flexible HDPE pipes were embedded in a trench to expose them to variable relative density and different thermal conditions so that the resulting deformation behavior could be investigated. Displacements and elastic strain values in the crown and spring line regions were measured. The main aim of this research was to determine the behavior of HDPE pipes under temperature effects within the framework of geotechnical principles to reflect real field conditions. As a result, pipes subject to vertical loading were tested under different relative density and thermal conditions. In the experiments carried out in a silica sandy trench, the deformations increased due to an increase in relative density. The maximum displacements and bending moment values were obtained at 50°C, which was the maximum thermal condition applied. An increase in temperature increased the deformation values due to the resulting decrease in the modulus of elasticity.

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Settlement characteristics of soils are an important phenomenon in terms of bearing capacity and failure behavior. Within this context, the relative density value is a significant factor but its correlations are insufficient to provide precise results under exceptional conditions. The main aim of this study is to determine, for each soil type, the parameters that affect the settlement behavior of granular soils. Soil samples belonging to different granular soil classes were placed in transparent boxes and monitored. Then, behaviors were determined using the Histogram Equalization Method (HEM) performed on the images and loading tests. As a result, it was observed that relative density was the most effective factor for settlement behavior in sandy soils. Also, well-grading criteria was the most important factor for gravelly soils in their settlement behavior. In the well-graded soil samples in a dense condition, the pixel numbers in the image were found to be approximately 2 times higher than in the loose soils. On the other hand, the maximum pixel number for loose conditions in poor-graded soil samples was determined between 1.02 and 1.17 times greater compared to the dense soils. Consequently, the outputs obtained from the HEM agreed with the experiments.

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