During the latest five years, the label smart city has been spreading all over the world, impacting on urban strategies in both large and small towns. To face the increasing problems of urban areas, local public government, companies, notfor-profit organizations and the citizens themselves embraced the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better life conditions and safeguarding the environment. However, today the smart city panorama appears very confused. No acknowledged smart city definition exists till now and several cities defining themselves smart completely lack of a strategic vision about their smart future. This first chapter is the introduction of this book collecting several contributes from different academic studies all over Europe. The aim of this work is to offer a large vision about the smart city phenomenon and to compare researches and considerations regarding how to define a smart city, how to design a smart strategy and how to measure if smart actions really are able to create public value for citizens and a better quality of life in urban spaces. This chapter introduces the most important themes regarding the smart city and further deepened in the ten chapters of the book.

After a brief description of the role and functions of digital information systems, we examine, within the conception of these systems, the decisive breaks resulting from technological advances. Then, we clarify the problem of "Capitalizing on Company's Knowledge" in order to introduce a vision of a digital information system centered on the knowledge-worker desktop and three hypothesis on which are based our research on digital information systems design. The digital information systems is seen as a decision aid support. We present two case studies. 2/25

Smart city is a recent topic, aiming at improving the quality of life of citizens in urban areas. Born like a bottom-up trend, it is now becoming crucial in urban planning in large cities all over the world. The smart city success depends on the synergic action by the triple helix key actors: public bodies, universities, and private companies. However, not ever these actors share the same smart city vision. This paper aims at individuating similarities and differences in key actors smart city vision, by a large and deep literature review on both scientific papers and practitioner or institutional reports

In this paper, we propose a method to locate the company's crucial knowledge for improving the quality of decision making in a design project. It comprises of a preliminary survey regarding the approach that has been carried out at automotive company for identifying the crucial knowledge, aiming at choosing and justifying the necessary investment to capitalize on the knowledge. This method will then be used as basis for a dialogue between the stakeholders involved in the identification of the crucial knowledge developed and/or used in a design project.

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