ResumoSeres humanos possuem uma necessidade fundamental de pertencer a um grupo. Tal necessidade de pertencimento possui uma dimensão disposicional, de forma que indivíduos diferem quanto à motivação pela procura de conexões sociais e o quanto valorizam ser aceitos pelas outras pessoas. A Escala de Necessidade de Pertencimento (ENP) é um instrumento elaborado para medir tal dimensão individual. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar e produzir evidências de validade da ENP para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizados dois estudos com amostras independentes. Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias apontaram para uma estrutura unifatorial com características psicométricas semelhantes às da escala original, indicando que a ENP pode ser considerada adequada para uso no contexto brasileiro. Em análises de convergência a ENP correlacionou-se positivamente com empatia. Ressalva-se que mais estudos são necessários para a determinação de sua estrutura fatorial, além de pesquisa transcultural sobre a necessidade de pertencimento. Palavras-chave: necessidade de pertencimento, conexão social, avaliação psicológica The Need to Belong Scale: Adaptation and Evidences of Validity AbstractHuman beings have a fundamental need to belong to groups. That need has a dispositional dimension, as individuals differ on how strong is their motivation to search social connections and how much they value being accepted by others. The Need to Belong Scale (NTBS) is an instrument elaborated to measure such individual dimension of the need to belong. The present research aimed to adapt and collect validity evidence for the NTBS to the Brazilian context. The research was composed of two studies with independent samples. Factor analysis, exploratory and confirmatory, pointed to a unifactor solution with psychometric properties similar to the ones of the original scale, indicating that the NTBS may be adequate for use in the Brazilian context. In convergence analysis the NTBS was positive correlated with an empathy measure. We highlight the need for more studies to define the unifactor structure. We also suggest cross-cultural comparisons concerning the need to belong. Escala de Necesidad de Pertenencia: Adaptación y Evidencias de Validez ResumenLos seres humanos poseen una necesidad fundamental de pertenecer a un grupo y esa necesidad tiene una dimensión disposicional, de modo que los individuos difieren en términos de motivación buscando conexiones sociales, y cómo valorizar ser aceptados por los demás. La Escala de Necesidad de Pertenencia (ENP) es un instrumento para medir tal dimensión individual, el objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar y reunir evidencias de validez de la ENP en el contexto brasileño y fueron realizados dos estudios con muestras independientes. Los análisis factoriales, exploratorios y confirmatorios, señalaron una estructura unifactorial con características psicométricas similares a la escala original, indicando que la ENP puede ser considerada adecuada para su uso en el contexto brasileño. En análisis de convergen...
The aim of this study was to develop a short version of the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA) in Brazilian Portuguese. The original MIA is an instrument in english composed by 108 items, divided into seven dimensions of metamemory (Strategy, Task, Capacity, Change, Anxiety, Achievement and Locus). Despite of being widely used, the extension of the instrument makes its application impractical in many contexts, reinforcing the need for a short version. A total of 472 participants answered the original full version of the MIA. First, Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses revealed that nine items of the instrument could be excluded due to poor infit and outfit values. After exploratory factor analyses, the 99 items left were judged by five experts that chose the most appropriate items following previously established criteria (factor loading, repetitiveness, bad writing, and temporal/cultural inadequacy). A 39-items version (MIAr) was obtained, with the same factorial structure of the original MIA. The MIAr demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency indexes, as well as evidences of convergent validity and validity based on the response process. The results revealed that the MIAr achieved good psychometric properties, serving as a more parsimonious and practical option for metamemory assessment.
ResumoCada indivíduo possui um repertório de estratégias e maneiras de lidar com o tempo, diferenciando--se na urgência com que realiza suas tarefas e na quantidade de compromissos a que se submete. Alguns instrumentos foram propostos para acessar tais diferenças individuais em relação ao tempo, destacando-se a Time Urgency and Perpetual Activation Scale (TUPA), que acessa níveis de urgência com o tempo e ativação constante. Neste trabalho são descritas a adaptação e as evidências de validade da TUPA para o contexto brasileiro, assim como a proposta de uma versão reduzida. A escala traduzida foi submetida por meio de formulários online a 395 participantes (71,4% mulheres), com idades de 17 a 64 anos (M = 25,36, DP = 8,65). Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confi rmatórias apontaram uma nova estrutura bifatorial, com boas propriedades psicométricas, envolvendo um fator de urgência com o tempo e outro relacionado a ocupações, nomeada como Escala de Urgência com o Tempo e Ocupação Constante (UTOC). Conclui-se que a UTOC apresentou boas evidências de validade de construto, incluindo validade convergente com medidas robustas de ansiedade e estresse. Palavras-chave: Urgência com o tempo, ocupação constante, ansiedade. AbstractEach individual has a repertoire of strategies for dealing with time, differentiating themselves in terms of levels of urgency when performing tasks and the number of appointments they are committed to. A few instruments have been developed to access these individual differences concerning time, notably the Time Urgency and Perpetual Activation Scale (TUPA), which measures levels of time urgency and perceptual activation. This paper describes a translated and adapted TUPA for the Brazilian context, and proposes its short-version. The translated scale was submitted as part of an online survey to 395 participants (71.4% female), ranging in age from 17 to 64 years (M = 25.36, SD = 8.65). Exploratory and confi rmatory factor analyses suggested a new bifactorial solution with good psychometric properties, involving a time urgency dimension and another related to occupations, named Time Urgency and Constant Ocupation Scale (UTOC). The UTOC showed good evidence of construct validity, as well as appropriate levels of convergent validity with robust measures of anxiety and stress.
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