The KB algorithm for AF detection supported by physician review can accurately differentiate AF from SR. This technology can help screen patients prior to elective CV and avoid unnecessary procedures.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) continues to increase annually in the United States along with its associated enormous costs. A multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and risk reduction program is an essential component of ASCVD prevention and management. Despite the strong evidence for CR in the secondary prevention of ASCVD, it remains vastly underutilized due to significant barriers. The current model of CR delivery is unsustainable and needs significant improvement to provide cost-effective, patient-centered, comprehensive secondary ASCVD prevention.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Because regular physical activity (PA) independently decreases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) while also having a positive, dose-related impact on other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, it has increasingly become a focus of CHD prevention. Current guidelines recommend 30 min of moderate-intensity PA 5 days a week, but exercise regimens remain underused. PA adherence can be fostered with a multilevel approach that involves active individual participation, physician counselling and health coaching, community involvement, and policy change, with incorporation of cardiac rehabilitation for patients requiring secondary prevention. Viewing exercise quantity as a vital sign, prescribing PA like a medication, and using technology, such as smartphone applications, encourage a global shift in focus from CVD treatment to prevention. Community-wide, home-based and internet-based prevention initiatives may also offer a developing pool of resources that can be tapped into to promote education and PA compliance. This review summarises the underlying rationale, current guidelines for and recommendations to cultivate a comprehensive focus in the endorsement of PA in the primary and secondary prevention of CHD.

Increasing numbers of patients with cardiac disease have improved quality of life and longevity as a result of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). CIED infections can involve the generator pocket, bloodstream, or cardiac structures and occur in about 0.5% of de novo CIED implants and approximately 2% of CIED replacements. Prompt diagnosis of CIED infection is beneficial to the success of antibiotic therapy and subsequent device removal to resolve the infection. Measures to prevent CIED infections include assessment of the indication and patient status, strict sterile surgical techniques, preoperative antibiotics, and adequate homeostasis. New surgical methods and CIED devices may also lead to reduction in CIED infections. Further research is needed to better quantify the incidence of CIED, risk factors, and efficacy of surgical techniques to prevent infections.

The advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for persons infected with HIV-1 has led to a "new" chronic disease with complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD. This review summarizes: (1) the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations of HIV infection; (2) cardiometabolic effects of HAART; (3) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention and treatment in persons with HIV-1 infection.