Background Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) have a reduced life expectancy of one to two decades as compared to the general population, with most years of life lost due to somatic diseases. Most previous studies on disorders constituting SMI, e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have investigated the disorders separately and hence not compared the disorders in terms of mortality rates relative to the background population. Methods A register-based cohort study including the entire Danish population comparing mortality rates relative to the background population, controlling for age and sex, i.e. standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with those in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, during the study period from 1995 to 2014. Results The SMR of patients with SMI was significantly higher than one for each calendar year in the study period with an overall SMR of 4.58, 95% CI (4.48–4.69) in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 38,500) and of 2.57 (95% CI 2.49–2.65) in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n = 23,092). When investigating time trends in SMR for schizophrenia and for bipolar disorder, respectively, an increase in SMR over time was shown with a mean increase of 0.03 per year for schizophrenia and 0.02 for bipolar disorder (p < 0.01 for both disorders). The ratio between SMR for schizophrenia and SMR for bipolar disorder for each calendar year over the study period was constant (p = 0.756). Conclusions Increasing SMRs over the last 20 years were found for both patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Despite clear differences between the two disorders regarding SMRs, the increases in SMR over time were similar, which could suggest similar underlying factors influencing mortality rates in both disorders.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet and regular exercise on resilience in obese or overweight women. Methods:The study was conducted with the 109 patients who applied to the obesity polyclinics. The patients were divided into three groups by their current disease conditions and willingness; those who were willing to both diet and exercise (diet + exercise group) (n: 35), those who were willing to only diet (diet group) (n: 37) and those who were not willing to recommended diet or exercise (control group) (n: 37).The "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" (CD-RISC) was applied to all the participants through face-to-face interviews. The CD-RISC scale was repeated 8 weeks after the first evaluation.Results: There was a significant difference between the total score and subscores of the scale in the intra-group comparison before and after the intervention (P < .05).When the groups were compared after the intervention, a significant difference was found between the diet group and the control group as well as the exercise +diet group and the control group (P < .05). Conclusion:We found that diet and exercise practices increased psychological endurance in obese or overweight women. In addition, positive improvements were also detected in psychological resilience subgroups such as perseverance and personal competence, tolerance to negative events and spiritual disposition. How to cite this article: Ozdemir C, Akbas Gunes N. The effect of diet and regular exercise on psychological resilience in obese or overweight women. Int J Clin Pract.

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Objective: In the literature the data about the relationship between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) components are conflicting. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between THs and MetS as well as individual components of MetS and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in euthyroid people with obesity and overweight. Materials and methods: Adult patients who presented to Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics of a tertiary hospital between May 2019 and December 2019 with the intention of weight loss were enrolled in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. The data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c were analyzed. Results: A total of 175 patients, 135 (77.1%) female, 40 (22.9%) male (mean age: 40.8 ± 13.1 years), without known thyroid dysfunction were included. A total of 86 were overweight and 89 were obese. Fifty-nine (33.7%) of the study participants were diagnosed with MetS. Subjects with MetS had significantly higher level of fT3 even within the normal range (p = 0.039). When TSH, fT4 and fT3 values were compared with other metabolic components in the group with MetS, a significant positive correlation was found only between fT4 level and HOMA-IR (Rho = 0.316, p = 0.026). Conclusions: MetS was associated with high normal fT3suggesting differential thyroid hormone metabolism in

The long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are not fully known. In this study, we aimed to evaluate cognitive function and mood changes with 1-year follow-up in the elderly after COVID-19 disease. Ninety COVID-19 survivors and 90 healthy controls were included in the study between April 2022 and 2023. The patients were evaluated at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months for cognition, depression, and sleep quality. Cognitive function is assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depression by the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. COVID-19 survivors secured lower scores in certain domains of the MoCA in comparison with the controls at the first and sixth months. However, at the 12th month, no difference was observed in total MoCA (p = 0.100), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (p = 0.503), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (p = 0.907) between survivors and controls. Older patients who recovered from COVID-19 have lower cognitive function compared with controls up to 12 months. However, cognitive function scores were similar at the end of the first year except for memory scores.