Children overweight or obese, as well as children exhibiting being thin/very thin, were associated with ECC independent of socioeconomic variables and a high frequency of sugar consumption.
Chronic oral diseases are rarely studied together, especially with an emphasis on their common risk factors. This study examined the association of added sugar consumption on "chronic oral disease burden" among adolescents, with consideration of obesity and systemic inflammation pathways through structural equation modeling. A cross-sectional study was conducted of a complex random sample of adolescent students enrolled at public schools in São Luís, Brazil ( n = 405). The outcome was chronic oral disease burden, a latent variable based on the presence of probing depth ≥4 mm, bleeding on probing, caries, and clinical consequences of untreated caries. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) caries and periodontal diseases among adolescents are correlated with each other; 2) added sugar consumption and obesity are associated with chronic oral disease burden; and 3) chronic oral disease burden is linked to systemic inflammation. Models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, added sugar consumption, oral hygiene behaviors, obesity, and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). All estimators of the latent variable chronic oral disease burden involved factor loadings ≥0.5 and P values <0.001, indicating good fit. Added sugar consumption (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.212, P = 0.005), high IL-6 levels (SC = 0.130, P = 0.036), and low socioeconomic status (SC = -0.279, P = 0.001) were associated with increased chronic oral disease burden values. Obesity was associated with high IL-6 levels (SC = 0.232, P = 0.001). Visible plaque index was correlated with chronic oral disease burden (SC = 0.381, P < 0.001). Our finding that caries and periodontal diseases are associated with each other and with added sugar consumption, obesity, and systemic inflammation reinforces the guidance of the World Health Organization that any approach intended to prevent noncommunicable diseases should be directed toward common risk factors.
Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal com 391 adolescentes entre 17 e 18 anos de escolas públicas em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Realizou-se amostragem aleatória com conglomeração em três estágios: escola, turma e aluno. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, e os padrões alimentares foram extraídos por análise fatorial por componentes principais. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios, foi utilizada modelagem de equações estruturais. Foram construídas variáveis latentes: condição socioeconômica, que incluiu escolaridade materna, renda familiar e classe econômica; e inflamação, constituída pela interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e interleucina-8. Um modelo teórico foi elaborado para avaliar fatores associados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios, indicando os efeitos diretos e indiretos entre as variáveis latentes e observadas. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados (ocidental, básico brasileiro e saudável), com variância explicada de 31%, e padrão ocidental o de maior contribuição. Não foram encontradas associações dos padrões com a variável latente inflamação. O excesso de peso foi positivamente associado com a variável latente inflamação (coeficientes padronizados = 0,281; p = 0,002). A extração dos três padrões evidencia maior consumo de alimentos ricos em carboidratos e gorduras que são nutrientes diretamente relacionados ao aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O excesso de peso foi associado com maiores níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.