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The world's largest rhodolith beds have been reported from the Brazilian continental shelf. Highly biodiverse beds are located in Southeast Brazil, but ecological aspects of these beds remain unknown. Despite their ecological importance, rhodolith beds (RBs) have recently been subjected to a severe threat, when more than 35 million cubic meters of mining residues slid down a mountainside on 5 November 2015, after a collapse of a gigantic dam upstream (the Mariana disaster), causing a huge impact on the Doce River. Our aim is to assess rhodolith beds and adjacent coralline formations on the Doce River Shelf (DRS) after the dam collapse. This paper describes the distribution, abundance, vitality, size and shape, as well as unmapped bryozoan rich sediment formations in this area, serving as baseline knowledge for environmental monitoring. Four distinct biogenic sea bottom habitats (bryozoan bottoms, rhodolith beds, carbonate concretions, and reefs) were recognized at different depth ranges with distribution indicated to be mostly related to the local sedimentary regime. Mud sediments dominated the seafloor up to 35 m depth. On the mid shelf, bryozoan bottoms were recorded from 35 to 45 m depth. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) occurring as rhodoliths and carbonate concretions extend over 1953 km 2 in the mid and outer shelf. Rhodolith beds predominate in these areas, totaling 1521 km 2 of sea bottom and were more abundant at depths between 45 and 65 m, occupying an extensive area south of the Doce River mouth. Northward, rhodolith beds are less abundant or absent likely due to the long-term deposition of fine sediments in this region. Carbonate concretions and reefs covered by CCA occupy sparse areas on the outer shelf (65-105 m depth). Differences in rhodolith features recorded, including coverage, density and size, may be related to the Doce River sedimentation and related factors (e.g., hydrodynamics, depth, and light). However, since there are no previous detailed studies on RBs along the DRS, we could not assess the impact of sedimentation of dam wastes on RBs' abundance and density. In any case, these are valuable results for the further monitoring of long-term effects. Considering that the growth of these rhodoliths is relatively slow, and that they are affected by the sedimentation from the Doce River, the implementation of a management and conservation plan for this area is necessary in order to preserve this ecosystem.

The marine ecosystems of Todos os Santos Bay (TSB, The State of Bahia, Brazil) have been impacted by the presence on its coast of a large metropolitan area as well as of chemical and petrochemical activities. Despite its ecological importance, there is a lack of scientific information concerning metal contamination in TSB marine biota. Thus, we analyzed concentrations of metals in four species of marine benthic organisms (two seaweeds, Padina gymnospora and Sargassum sp. one seagrass, Halodule wrightii and one oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae) in three sites from the TSB region that have been most affected by industrial activities. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophometry. The obtained data indicates that cadmium and copper in seaweeds, oysters and seagrass, as well as Ni concentrations in oysters, were in range of contaminated coastal areas. Cadmium and copper are available to organisms through suspended particles, dissolved fraction of water column and bottom sediment interstitial water. As oysters and other mollusks are used as food sources by the local population, the metal levels found in oysters in TSB may constitute a health risk for this population. Our results suggest implanting a heavy metals biomonitoring program in the TSB marine ecosystems.Keywords: seaweed, seagrass, oyster, bioaccumulation, Todos os Santos Bay. Metais pesados em organismos bentônicos da Baía de Todos os Santos, Brasil ResumoA Baía de Todos os Santos (TSB, Estado da Bahia, Brasil), vem sendo impactada pela presença, em seu entorno, de uma extensa área metropolitana e por atividades químicas e petroquímicas. Apesar de sua importância ecológica, existe pouca informação sobre a contaminação da biota marinha da TSB por metais pesados. Neste contexto, foram analisadas as concentrações de metais em quatro espécies de organismos bentônicos: duas algas, Padina gymnospora e Sargassum sp.; uma grama marinha, Halodule wrightii; e uma ostra, Crassostrea rhizophorae, em três locais das regiões da TSB mais afetadas pelas atividades industriais. As concentrações de Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn foram determinadas por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o cádmio e o cobre em algas, gramas marinhas e ostras, assim como o níquel em ostras estão, em concentrações de áreas contaminadas. Pelos resultados obtidos o cádmio e o cobre estão biodisponíveis a partir das partículas de sedimento em suspensão, fração dissolvida da coluna da água e da água intersticial do sedimento de fundo. Como ostras e outros moluscos são utilizados como fonte de alimento pelas populações locais, as concentrações de metais encontradas nas ostras da TSB podem constituir risco para as populações humanas locais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de implementação de um programa de monitoramento das concentrações de metais pesados em organismos dos ecossistemas marinhos da TSB.Palavras-chave: macroalgas, gramas marinhas, ostras, bioacumulação, Ba...

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