The ever-increasing demand for rice raises the need to increase productivity by using salt tolerant varieties on saline soils. In this study, 12 rice accessions were screened for tolerance to salt at seedling stage using morphological and molecular methods. The study was carried out in a hydroponic system using Hoagland solution. Scoring was done using the modified standard evaluation score (SES) system after 14 days of treatment. Salt tolerance indices were estimated from shoot length, root length and total biomass. For molecular studies, ten Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers linked with salt tolerance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were used. Results showed greater reductions in biomass and shoot growth of susceptible accessions compared to the tolerant ones. The effect of salt stress on root length showed variability among accessions as well as concentrations. UPIA 1, UPIA 2, FARO 52, FARO 61, TOG 5681 and FARO 44 had similar banding patterns with POKALLI (check variety) suggesting that they may contain salt tolerance genes. Of these accessions, only POKALLI and UPIA 2 survived all levels of salt concentration tested and thus got the highest SES score of one. Both accessions also had the highest overall mean salt tolerance indices. In conclusion, based on SES scores, salt tolerance indices and SSR data, POKALLI and UPIA 2 were identified as highly tolerant, FARO61, FARO 52, UPIA 1 and TOG 5980A as tolerant while WITA 12, CG12, TOG1670, TOG 5681 and TOG 5485 were highly susceptible. Such information will be useful in the selection of parents as breeding lines for salt tolerance.
Twenty-one accessions of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica Gaertn. Dunal), an endangered spice plant, were collected from the South-East and South-South regions of Nigeria and analyzed for genetic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-one (21) decamer primers were tested out of which 10 that gave reproducible band patterns were selected for the study. A total of 77 bands were generated, ranging from 3 for OPB17 to 13 for OPT07, and were all polymorphic. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and genetic diversity (H e ) were 0.673 and 0.697, respectively, indicating high genetic variation among the accessions. Cluster analysis delineated the accessions into four major groups. The maximum similarity index (0.88) based on Dice coefficient was recorded between AGL-01 and CRS-01 while the least (0.13) was between UGA-02 and EKW 01. The derived data was thus able to determine the extent of molecular variation underlying RAPD size polymorphism. Results obtained from this study proved that RAPD could be successfully used as a molecular tool for diversity study in M. myristica. The distributive pattern of genetic variation of M. myristica accessions provides important baseline data for conservation and improvement strategies for this species.
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