For high resolution mobile display, UV alignment technology has been getting the technical spotlight at LCD industries. Our IPS-LCD panels with UV alignment technology showed higher contrast ratio since it would prevent rubbing scratch and light leakage in pixel area. And UV aligned IPS sample showed wider viewing angle performance because of their very symmetrical luminance distribution. Especially, our samples showed low gray scale inversion and color shift in a diagonal direction so that one could get more vivid images than rubbed IPS-LCD panel.Author Keywords: UV alignment, Viewing angle, Color shift, Smart display Objectives and BackgroundRecently, the demand in a smart display has been rising strongly to be utilized into a mobile phone or a tablet PC. The annual growth of smart phones and smart books market was expected to increase by 30, 60 respectively in 2010. With some advantages such as the function of wireless Internet and the portable size of these equipments, people can get any desired information regardless of time and place. And to provide much information effectively, high quality of display is required in display field. Especially, to secure good readability, high resolution over 300 ppi and vivid image become essential properties in smart display field. In addition, wide viewing angle without any image distortion is also strongly required in order to enjoy smart display with others.With those requirements in display field, UV alignment technology has been getting the spotlight to achieve high levels of display properties. Even though UV alignment showed various advantages to prevent some drawbacks of rubbing, it has not been applied into the mass production because of a low anchoring energy and strong image sticking [1]. Many approaches have been applied to develop various materials and their irradiation methods for the UV alignment but their technologies had not been produced commercially [2][3][4]. Recently, however, we had been investigated the robust UV alignment materials with quite strong anchoring strength and chemical stability [5]. Azimuthal anchoring strength improved and the serious problem in image sticking was also solved.In this paper, we have discussed the advantages of UV alignment technology for IPS-LCD from the view of panel characteristics. Until now, UV alignment technology has been successfully introduced to enhance the contrast ratio because it would prevent the light leakage from rubbing scratch in the panel.In recent studies, we made the prototype panels for smart displays and it is confirmed that the viewing angle and color shift is enhanced by using UV alignment technology noteworthily. MethodTo verify the prototype panel of UV alignment, we made IPS LCD panels for mobile and tablet PC applications. As an alignment layer, various types of photo-polymer were developed. These polymers could show anisotropic arrangement after linearly polarized ultra-violet (LPUV) light. We controlled the irradiation wavelength, power and energy of LPUV for the alternation of alignment pr...
The vapor pressure of liquid argon, krypton, and xenon was measured from below the normal boiling temperature to close to the critical temperature. Functional relations were fitted by a multiple regression analysis to the experimental data. Data of other authors are compared directly with the results presented here.Comparison of the vapor pressure curves for the three liquids showed that the classical corresponding states principle was obeyed only poorly and that it was necessary to include quantum corrections in comparing the reduced curves. The adjusted reduction factors agreed reasonably well with those found from vapor pressure analysis by other workers. De Boer plots on the basis of our potential parameters are more linear than those using the parameters of Boato and Casanova.
Some ideas as to what the important factors are that will produce a reliable indium O-ring seal are discussed. Four novel indium seal designs which are based on these ideas are presented. Three of these seals have been incorporated in a Brillouin cell. They include a simple sapphire window seal, a filling line union, and a flange seal. All of them have withstood low temperatures down to 77 K and moderate pressures up to 177 bar. The fourth seal described is a Pyrex tube seal for a Raman cell.
The vapor pressure of solid argon was measured by a precision apparatus with a standard error of ,0.023 Torr in the temperature range from 75.0 to 83.8 K, and that of liquid argon to the same precision from 83.8 to 85.2 K. The data were used to determine the coefficients A and B of the two parameter vapor pressure equation, l o g l o p = A f (BIT), and to locate the triple point of argon by an extrapolation method. The results are in good agreement with those of other workers. The static lattice energy E, of the solid and geometrical mean frequency o, of the vibrational spectrum, corrected for the presence of lattice vacancies, gas imperfection, and finite crystal volume, were also determined from the data. When determined over successive small temperature intervals, E, is found to increase as the temperature increases, as expected. The magnitude of E, agrees with the value obtained from a lattice-sum calculation on the basis of a Lemard-Jones (6-12) potential to within f 0.17%.On a mesure la pression de vapeur de I'argon solide avec unappareil de precision ayant un kcart type de f 0.023 Torr. L'intervalle de temperature s'etendait de 75.0 a 83.8 K pour I'argon solide et de 83.8 a 85.2 K pour I'argon liquide. Les resultats obtenus ont ete utilisks pour determiner les coefficients A et B de I'equation deux parametres de la pression de vapeur (log,, p = A f (BIT)) et pour determiner le point triple de I'argon par une methode d'extrapolation. Les resultats sont en bon accord avec ceux d'autres chercheurs. On a aussi obtenu, a partir de ces mesures, I'energie statique du reseau solide Eo et la moyenne geometrique o, du spectre des frkquences de vibration, en corrigeant pour les vacances dans le reseau, les imperfections de gaz et le volume fini du cristal. Les valeurs de E, obtenues pour de petits intervalles successifs de temperature augmentent comme prevu en fonction de la temperature. La grandeur de E, est en accord, ii mieux que + 0.17%, avec la valeur obtenue a partir d'un calcul de somme de reseau bas6 sur un potentiel de Lennard-Jones. Introductionlattice vibrational spectrum. An attempt was also The vapor pressure of solid argon has been measured by many investigators over the past seventy years. The data have been used to determine such properties of argon as the latent heat, the static lattice energy, and the geometrical mean frequency of the lattice vibrational spectrum. However, these results are observed to vary from one investigator to another. To determine more accurate values of the physical quantities mentioned above, a copious number of accurate data points is required. This is especially true if one wishes to detect the variation of static lattice energy with temperature. To this end a precision vapor pressure assembly was constructed in the form of a modified adiabatic calorimeter.The experimental data were first fitted to the traditional empirical vapor pressure equation and were then compared with those of others. The data were also used to determine the triple point of argon by an extrapolation...
OLEDs have excellent ambient contrast, because OLEDs with a circular polarizer can effectively reduce the reflectance caused by external light. However, for better blackness, it is necessary to improve reflectance and reflection color. By applying new material, blackness of OLED TV is improved.
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