BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Occlusion of the AOP results in a characteristic pattern of ischemia: bilateral paramedian thalamus with or without midbrain involvement. Although the classic imaging findings are often recognized, only a few small case series and isolated cases of AOP infarction have been reported. The purpose of this study was to characterize the complete imaging spectrum of AOP infarction on the basis of a large series of cases obtained from multiple institutions.

Background Biological measurements that distinguish individuals with autism from typically developing individuals and those with other developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders must demonstrate very high performance to have clinical value as potential imaging biomarkers. We hypothesized that further study of white matter microstructure (WMM) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal stem (TS), two brain regions in the temporal lobe containing circuitry central to language, emotion and social cognition, would identify a useful combination of classification features and further understand autism neuropathology. Methods WMM measurements from the STG and TS were examined from thirty high-functioning males satisfying full criteria for idiopathic autism aged 8–26 years and 30 matched controls and a replication sample of 12 males with idiopathic autism and 7 matched controls that participated in a previous case-control diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. Language functioning, adaptive functioning and psychotropic medication usage were also examined. Results In the STG, we find reversed hemispheric asymmetry of two separable measures of directional diffusion coherence. Tensor skewness is greater on the right in autism and fractional anisotropy is decreased on the left. We also find increased diffusion parallel to white matter fibers bilaterally. In the right not left TS we find increased omnidirectional, parallel and perpendicular diffusion. These six multivariate measurements possess very high ability to discriminate individuals with autism from individuals without autism with 94% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 92% accuracy in our original and replication samples. We also report a near-significant association between the classifier and a quantitative trait index of autism and significant correlations between two classifier components and measures of language, IQ and adaptive functioning in autism.

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BackgroundMammalian cells are flexible and can rapidly change shape when they contract, adhere, or migrate. The nucleus must be stiff enough to withstand cytoskeletal forces, but flexible enough to remodel as the cell changes shape. This is particularly important for cells migrating through confined spaces, where the nuclear shape must change in order to fit through a constriction. This occurs many times in the life cycle of a neutrophil, which must protect its chromatin from damage and disruption associated with migration. Here we characterized the effects of constricted migration in neutrophil-like cells.ResultsTotal RNA sequencing identified that migration of neutrophil-like cells through 5- or 14-μm pores was associated with changes in the transcript levels of inflammation and chemotaxis-related genes when compared to unmigrated cells. Differentially expressed transcripts specific to migration with constriction were enriched for groups of genes associated with cytoskeletal remodeling.Hi-C was used to capture the genome organization in control and migrated cells. Limited switching was observed between the active (A) and inactive (B) compartments after migration. However, global depletion of short-range contacts was observed following migration with constriction compared to migration without constriction. Regions with disrupted contacts, TADs, and compartments were enriched for inactive chromatin.ConclusionShort-range genome organization is preferentially altered in inactive chromatin, possibly protecting transcriptionally active contacts from the disruptive effects of migration with constriction. This is consistent with current hypotheses implicating heterochromatin as the mechanoresponsive form of chromatin. Further investigation concerning the contribution of heterochromatin to stiffness, flexibility, and protection of nuclear function will be important for understanding cell migration in relation to human health and disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0608-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

synopsisDilute solution viscosity measurements have been made on eleven ternary polymer systems (two polymers, one solvent). Calculation of the polymer-polymer interaction coefficient between unlike polymer molecules by the Krigbaum and Wall treatment is not generally applicable. The empirical relationship derived by Catsiff and Hewitt has been used, and the interaction between polymers in these systems has been qualitatively interpretAd on this basis. ZusammenfassungAn 11 temaren Polymersystemen (zwei Polymere, ein L&ungmittel) wurde die Viskositat in verdiinnter Losung gemessen. Die Berechnung dea Polymer-Polymerwechselwirkungskoeffizienten zwischen ungleichen Polymermolekiilen nach der Methode von Krigbaum und Wall ist nicht allgemein anwendbar. Die von Catsiff und Hewitt abgeleitete empirische Beziehung wurde beniitzt und auf dieser Grundlage die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polymeren in diesen Systemen qualitativ interpretiert.