Dioctophymosis is a worldwide renal parasitosis caused by the Dioctophyma renale nematode, which results in progressive destruction of renal tissue. Aquatics annelids are considered the main intermediate hosts and the literature refers as permanent hosts of dogs, wild mammals and even humans. During procedures for population control of coatis (Nasua nasua) in the Ecological Park of Tietê (PET), was noticed the presence of parasitosis by D. renale. From 68 animals, males and females, young and adults, submitted to exploratory laparotomy, 51 were positive for the presence of worms, 9 were found only in the right kidney. In 10 cases, in addition to right kidney parasitism, worms were also observed in the abdominal cavity. In 24 cases D. renale was found only in the abdominal cavity and in 8 animals the right kidney was reduced to a small rigid structure. The study showed that the preferred site for parasitism of the worm, considered erratic, was the abdominal cavity in 66.66% of the cases.
K lebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic bacteria that is a normal part of the nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal tract microbiome of humans and animals (1). The hypermucoviscous variant of K. pneumoniae (hvKp), initially described in Southeast Asia, has emerged as a pathogen affecting young and healthy persons worldwide (2). The development of prominent polysaccharide capsules associated with capsular serotypes K1 or K2 have been reported as the major virulence determinants for human hvKp in liver abscesses, perhaps because it seems to protect the bacteria from phagocytosis and prevents destruction by bactericidal serum factors (2). K. pneumoniae strains have also been associated with a variety of diseases in animals, especially in Old World (Africa, Asia, and Europe) and New World (Oceana, North America, and South America) nonhuman primates (3-5). Sudden death or various clinical signs, including anorexia, prostration, fever, cough, dyspnea, mucopurulent discharge, meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, and sepsis are strongly associated with sporadic infections of K. pneumoniae in common marmosets research colonies (5,6). Despite the well-recognized zoonotic importance of hvKp and the public health risk of emerging multidrug-resistant strains (7-9), information is incomplete about the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the etiologic agent essential to adequately diagnose and treat this pathogen in captive and wild nonhuman primates. The aim of this study was to report an epizootic among common marmosets in a wildlife rehabilitation center in Brazil and to describe the serotype, sequence typing, virulence properties, and resistance profile of the K. pneumoniae strains involved. The Study On February 10-11, 2019, a total of 11 captive marmosets (8 Callithrix penicillata, 2 C. jacchus, and 1 hybrid) died suddenly without clinical signs of disease. All of the animals were maintained in Parque Ecológico do Tietê, located in São Paulo municipality, São Paulo, Brazil, which is a center for receiving, rehabilitating, and referring wildlife. All animals had been in captivity 123-399 days. No new animals had been introduced into the cages in the previous 25 days. Each necropsy was performed <24 h after death in accordance with the Brazil Ministry of Health's guide for surveillance of epizootics in nonhuman primates (10). Tissue samples were preserved in phosphatebuffered formalin 10% and processed for routine histopathology and for 12 hours in refrigeration for microbiologic and molecular analyses. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of
Summary Salmonella has long been linked to zoonotic risks, including exotic pets. Parrots are popular pets, and we here describe a salmonellosis outbreak involving Blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) confiscated from the illegal pet trade in Brazil. High mortality was observed during the rehabilitation for which the causative agent was identified by cultures, and VITEK®2 GN identification card as Salmonella enterica. Genome sequencing of two isolates revealed serovar Newport ST45. The isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, and genomic analyses detected characteristic Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) and virulence factors. A phylogenetic analysis with other 275 S. Newport ST45 from different international sources showed clustering with poultry and vegetables isolates and closely related clades of intermingled animal, human, food/environmental isolates from different countries (Tables S1 and S2). The virulent profiles and phylogenetic connection to multiple sources bring the attention to the non‐host specificity of these strains highlighting the zoonotic potential in the illegal wildlife trade for companion animals.
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