There de 11,6% en 1995 à 32,1% en 2011, démontrant Résumé Il existe un corpus scientifique important sur l'utilisation de méthodes contraceptives chez les femmes en Ouganda. L'un des aspects à réexaminer concerne l'impact des facteurs associés à l'utilisation de méthodes de contraception moderne pour savoir s'il est resté identique dans un passé récent. Les données sur les femmes du Demographic Health Survey (DHS) sur la période 1995-2011ont été choisies pour parvenir à comprendre cette question. Ces analyses ont pris pour objet les femmes non enceintes et sexuellement actives. Les variations dans les modes d'utilisation de méthodes contraceptives modernes sont étudiées au travers de caractéristiques socio-économiques et démographiques des femmes avec des régressions fondées sur des modèles complexes. Les résultats trouvés montrent une tendance à l'augmentation dans l'utilisation de méthodes contraceptives

Issues related to attrition and completion time of graduate studies are certainly an internationally challenging and important area of higher education literature. In this paper, completion time dynamics of doctoral studies at Makerere University were investigated based on data extracted for all 295 candidates in the commencement cohorts from 2000 to 2005. The total elapsed time, from first enrollment to submission of a final copy of a thesis, was adopted as a measure of completion time and event history (survival) analysis methodology was applied. Results reveal a median completion time of 5.0 years. Following a Cox model, in a range of candidate, candidature, discipline and institutional variables, the rate of completion was higher for candidates at younger ages during commencement, international students, those registered in science-related disciplines, and those in commencement cohorts from 2000 to 2002. The model correctly identified the order of completion times by about 72% of the time.

Although student persistence in graduate programs is widely regarded as an important topic in the literature of higher education, many such works focus on the completion of studies. This paper examines the dynamics of attrition resulting in either delayed or non-completion of doctoral studies. Administrative data of 294 Ph.D. students at Makerere University in the 2000 to 2005 enrollment cohorts were analyzed. The total elapsed time from first enrollment to submission of a final dissertation or thesis copy was taken as a measure of completion time. A multinomial logistic was applied for assessing the likelihood of completion and extended candidature, rather than withdrawal, five years after initial enrollment in doctoral studies. In the results, the estimates rates of extended candidature (48.6%) and withdrawal (36.4%) indicate a low timely completion rate of doctoral students at Makerere. The observed associations, modeled by a range of candidate, candidature, and institutional variables, including discipline area, suggest the need for establishing measures to promote progress in doctoral studies at early stages of commencement as well as throughout the course of candidature.

This study uses a VAR model to analyse the dynamic relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic investment (DI) in Rwanda for the period 1970 to 2011. Several selection lag criteria chose a maximum lag of one, and a bivariate VAR(1) model specification in levels was adopted. Unit root tests show that both GDP and DI series are nonstationary in levels but stationary in first differences, implying that both are integrated of order one I(1). Tests of cointegration established that GDP and DI are CI(1,1), suggesting there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the two series. The error correction model indicates that DI adjusts to GDP with a lag whereby 0.2 percent of the discrepancy between long-term and short-term DI is corrected within the year. Granger causality tests show that there is unidirectional causality where GDP causes DI. The bivariate VAR (1) was unstable when estimated at levels, but was stable in first differences. Finally it was found out that GDP almost perfectly predicts DI in the estimated VAR (1) model. The forecasted value of DI in 2011 was 22.6% of GDP while the actual value was 22.7% of GDP. The small discrepancy may be attributed to the appropriate policy measures the Rwandan government and the private sector federation have thus far taken to facilitate investors in their businesses.

This paper analyses real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Domestic Investment (DI), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Savings (DS) and Trade (TR) in Rwanda for the period 1970 to 2011. GDP and DI have an upward trend and annual growth of real GDP was around 8% in average for all period. FDI and DS have remained below 2% of GDP each and trade balance of Rwanda is always negative. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests show that GDP, DI and FDI are not stationary at the level but the first differences are stationary. VAR (1) was identified as the appropriate model according to Akaike information criterion, Schwarz information criterion and Hannan-Quinn information criterion. Granger causality tests show that there is bi-directional causality between GDP and TR and TR and DI and unidirectional causality from GDP to DI, from DS to GDP, from DS to DI and from DS to TR. These findings show that GDP can be used to promote Domestic Investment and Trade. Domestic savings have significant effects on GDP, DI and TR. VAR was estimated and the forecasted values of GDP, DI and FDI in 2011 are respectively, 3,843.6233 million, 22.67% and 0.95% while their actual values in 2011 are 3891.9million, 22.7% and 1.66%. There is under-prediction for GDP, DI and FDI. The differences can be explained by the efforts of the Government of Rwanda to promote GDP, Domestic Investment and Foreign Direct Investment.