Several different phenotypes of the native Pramenka sheep have been developed in the Balkan region for different environmental and socio-cultural conditions. Animals from seven West Balkan Pramenka sheep types were analysed for 15 microsatellite markers and for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the results were used to assess genetic variation within and among the types and to infer the genetic population structure of the Pramenka sheep. Mean expected heterozygosity and allelic richness over the microsatellite loci and sheep types were 0.78 and 7.9, respectively. A Bayesian statistical method for estimating hidden genetic structure suggested that a core of the largest panmictic population was formed by Serbian, Kosovan, Bosnian, Montenegrin and Albanian types, while Croatian and Macedonian types comprised two other main populations, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed two mtDNA haplogroups in the Pramenka sheep, B and A, with a frequency of 93.7% and 6.3%, respectively. A total of 60 mtDNA haplotypes were found in 64 animals sequenced, and the mean nucleotide and haplotypic diversities over the types were 0.013 and 0.945, respectively. Molecular analysis suggests that the West Balkan Pramenka sheep types have their origins in two distinct maternal lineages of domestic sheep and different Pramenka phenotypes tend to form few panmictic populations. The Pramenka sheep represents a valuable resource of genetic diversity in sheep.
Purpose of this paper is analysis of microclimate parameters in dairy cow barns in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska), and examine the impact of the ventilation on the microclimate inside the barns. The study included 38 dairy barns in the lowland region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republic of Srpska), during the winter season. The following microclimate parameters were measured: air temperature, relative humidity of air, air velocity and concentration of gases (NH3 and CO2). Statistically significant correlations were determined between NH₃ concentration and air temperature (P<0,001) and between temperature and concentration of CO₂ (P<0,05). Also, are established positive and statistical significant correlation between manure gases (NH₃ and CO₂). The research has also shown that the average concentration of CO₂ in relation to the open area in the barn statistically significant (P<0,05).
The variability of 21 microsatellite loci was analyzed in order to estimate the genetic diversity of the Busa cattle breed. A total of 50 animals involved in the study were divided into two groups: Busa from eastern Herzegovina and Busa from western Herzegovina. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.6. The average expected heterozygosities were 0.6885 and 0.6212 in the eastern and western populations, respectively. The observed heterozygosity values were 0.6579 and 0.6336, in eastern and western population, respectively. The degree of population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.008 (for ILSTS006 locus) to 0.242 (for BM1818 locus), with a mean of 0.112. Cluster analysis showed that the two populations were clearly clustered into two distinct clades. This report represents the first genetic characterization of pure Busa cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results are important for the future development of conservation and management strategies for this cattle breed.
With the objective of studying and protecting genomes of autochthonous breeds of cattle, investigations were performed of the variability of morphometric characteristics of the autochthonous breeds Busa and Gatacko cattle, as well as a retrospective analysis of the development of the examined populations. The investigations covered 97 cows, specifically 22 head of western Herzegovina Busa cattle, 24 head of eastern Herzegovina Busa cattle, and 51 head of Gatacko cattle. Morphometric measurements were examined: height at withers, body length, foot circumference, and chest girth. The obtained data were processed statistically, and variability was established using simple variance analysis with an unequal number of repetitions. The significance of the obtained differences from the three investigated localities was tested using the F test and t-test. A significant degree of variability was established for the morphological characteristics within the examined populations, as well as between the populations. The established differences are primarily a result of the influence of different natural conditions and breeding conditions, as well as the genome share of Alpine cattle, with which the Busa has been crossbred
For the purpose of genetic characterization of strains of sheep in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a morphometric characterization of Kupreška Pramenka has been performed. A total of 62 heads were measured, 56 ewes and 6 rams. The average height of the withers of ewes was 69.71 cm, the height of the hook was 70.57 cm, the body length was 72.57 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 21.12 cm, chest depth 31.98 cm, width of the hips was 20.28 cm, the chest volume was 90.95 cm and the circumference volume was 7.91 cm. The rams had an average height of 75.33 cm at the withers, the hook height of 76.33 cm, the body length 78.83 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 24.33 cm, chest depth 34.50 cm, width of the hips was 22.00 cm, chest volume was 98.50 cm and the circumference volume was 9.33 cm. In sheep and rams measures that have been shown the highest correlation and statistically highly significant difference were those related to the process of growth and development of the animal, and these are: the height of the withers and hook (r = 0.841 for ewes and r = 1.00 for rams), while the other hand, there are measures that do not show correlative relationship as hook height and chest volume (r = 0.155 for ewes and r = 0.533 for rams).
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