This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of two Cameroonian plants against selected foodborne pathogens. Bioactive compounds were extracted from Millettia laurentii De Wild seeds and Lophira alata Banks ex. C. F. Gaertn leaves using distilled water, ethanol and methanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli O157, Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis , Moraxella morganii , Salmonella enteritidis , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes using the microdilution method. The results showed that distilled water extracted a more important mass of phytochemical compounds (18.0–24.60%) compared to ethanol (4.80–5.0%) and methanol (4.20–4.60%). All the extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 5 to 20 μg/mL for M. laurentii seeds extracts and from 1.0 to 20 μg/mL for L. alata leaves extracts. The different plant extracts were ten times less active than gentamicin. The most active extracts were obtained using ethanol as solvent and K. pneumoniae was the most resistant pathogen to all extracts (MBC>20 μg/mL). M. laurentii extracts were bactericidal against L. monocytogenes and P. mirabilis while the reference antibiotic (gentamicin) was bacteriostatic against these pathogens. The results obtained from this study suggest the studied local plant materials as a source of antimicrobial compounds which can be valorized in the medical field as substitute of antibiotics for which many microorganisms have nowadays developed resistance mechanisms. Further studies need to be performed in order to characterize and identify these antimicrobial active molecules.

Fruit peels are increasingly being used as functional foods nowadays. Peelings of twelve varieties of Persea americana fruits consumed in Cameroon were investigated for their phenolic compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids) using three solvents systems, water, ethanol: water (50 : 50 v / v ), and ethanol, and antioxidant activity using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. Total polyphenol, flavonoids, and antioxidant potential of the peels significantly varied with P. americana variety and also with the extraction solvents in the order ethanol > ethanol: water > water. Total phenolic content varied from 2407 (Fuerte florid) to 673 (Semil) mg GAE/g DM, respectively, while flavonoids varied from 986 to 119 mg QE/g DM for Fuerte florid and Hickson varieties, respectively. TAC, respectively, varied between 132.87 and 126.85 mg AAE/g DM with Hass and Semil varieties, respectively. The highest DPPH scavenging capacity was recorded for the ethanolic extract with Lula (86.33%) and the least for the aqueous extract with the Semil (30.11%) variety. With FRAP, the highest capacity was obtained with hydroethanolic extract of Fuerte florid (0.43 mg AAE/g DM) and the least for aqueous extract with the Semil (0.269 mg AAE/g DM) variety. In conclusion, varieties of avocado peels are a good source of antioxidants. Solvent extraction significantly affected the concentration of bioactive compounds but not the potency of the antioxidants. A weakly positive correlation but not significant between the quantity of polyphenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of avocado peelings was obtained in this study.

Aims: As the world nowadays is turning towards the research of biologically active natural compounds, this work aimed at assessing the antioxidant potential of compounds contained in the aqueous extracts of three common Cameroonian pharmacopoeia plants, namely Millettia laurenti (Wengé) seeds, Lophira alata (Azobé) leaves and Milicia excelsa (Iroko) barks and the associated bioactive compounds. Methodology: After being dried and ground, they were macerated in water and the polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantified. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging, NO scavenging, phosphomolybdate method (TAC), and iron-reducing power (FRAP). Results: The mean concentrations obtained ranged between 527 and 1213 µg GAE/g DM for polyphenols, 0.39 and 0.65 µg GAE/g DM for tannins, 19.79 and 27.06 µg QE/g DM for flavonoids, 15.72 and 16.02 µg QuE/g DM for alkaloids. Aqueous extracts of Wengé (AE-WG) and Azobé (AE-AZ) exhibited the highest and significantly similar contents. AE-AZ presented the highest iron reducing power (0.015 µg AAE/g DM at 10 mg/mL) and NO scavenging (IC50=3.63 mg/mL) while AE-WG showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.20 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (0.39 µg AAE/g DM at 10 mg/mL). No significant correlation was observed between studied bioactive compounds and the different antioxidant responses except flavonoids and tannins with TAC (p<0.05). Conclusion: AE-AZ and AE-WG exhibited different antioxidant mechanisms and are therefore of high interest for potential use in the food industry and medicine with reserves to toxicological studies.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20-65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p < 0.05). In addition, total cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL-c (p < 0.05) level, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-c/HDL-c were higher among obese than normal weight individuals. Hypercholesterolemia (19.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (11.64%), combined dyslipidemia (3.40%) and the atherogenic profile (Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio > 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%