The Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) is a largescale international field experiment that has the goal of improving our understanding of the exchanges of radiative energy, heat, water, C02, and trace gases between the boreal forest and the lower atmosphere. An important objective of BOREAS is to collect the data needed to improve computer simulation models of the processes controlling these exchanges so that scientists can anticipate the effects of global change. From August 1993 through September 1994, a continuous set of monitoring measurements-meteorology, hydrology, and satellite remote sensing-were gathered overthe 1000 x 1000 km BOREAS study region that covers most of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. This monitoring program was punctuated by six campaigns that saw the deployment of some 300 scientists and aircrew into the field, supported by 11 research aircraft. The participants were drawn primarily from U.S. and Canadian agencies and universities, although there were also important contributions fjom France, the United Kingdom, and Russia. The field campaigns lasted for a total of 123 days and saw the compilation of a comprehensive surfaceatmosphere flux dataset supported by ecological, trace gas, hydrological, and remote sensing science observations. The surface-atmosphere fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, C02, and momentum were measured using eddy correlation equipment mounted on a surface network of 10 towers complemented by four

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The commissioning of health services for all prisoners in publicly run prisons in England was transferred to local Primary Care Trusts in April 2006, pledging to provide an equivalent standard of health care as that in the community. We reviewed our experience of providing a specialist in-reach HIV service by performing a retrospective case notes review of all HIV-positive prisoners who accessed care from the prison genitourinary medicine service in three London prisons. A total of 112 HIV-positive prisoners were seen by the prison health-care service between April 2004 and 2006. This is the first study to look at how well HIV services are being provided during this transitional period of commissioning health services and provides insight into the challenges facing prison health-care providers. Good HIV outcomes are possible in prison but frequent transfers within the prison system and lack of effective HIV training among prison staff represent barriers to good care.

This article discusses evaluating water systems for sustainability, or the ability of maintaining financial, technical, or managerial capacity. The National Drinking Water Small System Implementation Working Group reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2000 that individual states should consider all possible long‐term solutions, including incentives, tax relief, a utility emergency fund, subsidies, and possibly takeover. The article discusses receivership as a provisional remedy for exceptionally troubled systems, selling considerations, and examining a utility's records to get a true picture of its value. A table listing recent water utility sales in California is provided, along with a list of major providers of financial assistance to drinking water systems.

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