Nanoparticles derived
from FeCl3 containing the ligand
XPhos and only 500 ppm Pd effect Sonogashira couplings in water between
rt and 45 °C. The entire aqueous reaction medium can be easily
recycled using an “in-flask” extraction. Several tandem
processes in one pot are illustrated, including a sequence involving
five steps (10 reactions) in good overall yield.
A new catalyst that derives from commercially available precursors for copper-free, Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions at the sustainable ppm level of precious metal palladium under mild aqueous micellar conditions has been developed.
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