The transformation from hunter-gathering to farming in the south China coast has always been a conspicuous topic, as its great significance for the understanding of crop dispersal and human migration into southern China and Southeast Asia. It has been primarily assumed that rice was the only crop cultivated by early farmers in this region since 5,000 cal. BP., but the reliability of this speculation remains ambiguous, owing to the lack of systematic evidence. Based on analysis of macroscopic plant remains and phytoliths, as well as AMS radiocarbon dating at the Gancaoling site in Guangdong province, this study demonstrates the emergence of agriculture in the south China coast could be dated back to as early as 4,800–4,600 cal. BP., with the cultivation of rice and foxtail millet. This subsistence strategy change was an integral part of a more comprehensive social transformation, which started a new era of local history. Moreover, this discovery also provides further evidence supporting the universality of mixed farming in southern China and shed new light on the study of agriculture southward dispersal. The crop package of rice and millets possibly spread into the south China coast from Jiangxi via the mountain areas and then into Mainland Southeast Asia by a maritime route along the coastal regions.
Oxide is widely used in modifying cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a facile method of radio magnetron sputtering is introduced to deposit a thin film on Li4Ti5O12 composite electrodes. The pristine and modified Li4Ti5O12 electrodes are characterized at an extended voltage range of 3–0.01 V. The reversible capacity reaches a high level of 286 mAh g−1, which is a little less than its theoretical capacity (293 mAh g−1). Electrodes modified by ZnO thin films with various thickness show elevated rate capability and improved cycle performance.
Composite materials are widely used in the automobile industry, compared with traditional mechanical connection, in terms of efficiency and manufacture cost structure, adhesively-bonded joints are usually the material most appropriate connection technology. Adhesively-bonded joints have good performance under fatigue load and the stress concentration is smaller. Lack of reliable design methods, long-term aging behavior, and fatigue life assessment of the adhesive joint, which are limits the bonded joints technology popularization and application. In order to describe the crack propagation process more accurately, an improved generalized crack propagation model was proposed to predict the fatigue life of composite bonded parts. The crack propagation process is divided into three stages, and the influence of machining technology, residual stress, and actual temperature in the process of machining are considered. The model provides an effective theoretical basis for accurately predicting the residual life of composite bonded structures. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed model expands the prediction range of the existing theoretical model, and the prediction accuracy is significantly improved.
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