A numerical analysis is carried out in a lid-driven cavity using silver (Ag)-water nano-fluid by keeping different shape of conducting as well as insulating cylinders at the centre. The cavity is heated isothermally by a heater placed at the bottom. The right and the left walls are in insulated condition and the upper cold wall is moving with some constant speed. The thermal performance of the nanofluid with the cylinder is being analyzed at two Richardson number (Ri=0.01, 10), four percentage volume of Ag nanoparticles (0 %, 2 %, 5 %, 8 %), and a constant value of Grashof and Prandtl number as 10 4 and 6.2 respectively. The two-dimensional, incompressible and steady Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the commercially available Finite-volume based software Fluent. It is analysed that the thermal mixing inside the enclosure is highly dependent on the shape of a solid cylinder. Moreover, the insignificant variation in flow and thermal field is observed with change in the thermal boundary conditions (insulation and conduction) of centrally placed solid cylinder for all the range of Richardson number (Ri). With increase in percentage volume of nanoparticle Nusselt number (Nu) increases whereas Ri has reverse effect on Nu.
The Present study is an endeavor to laminar flow heat transfer of Cu-water nanofluid inside a square cavity. The cavity is heated by different length heaters with isothermal boundary condition placed symmetrically on two adjacent sides. The moving lid has low temperature and rest of the boundaries are insulated. A thermally conducting solid cylinder is placed at the center of the cavity. The effect of different parameters, nanoparticles volume fraction (0-0.08), Richardson Number (0.01-10) on the fluid flow and temperature fields have been studied. The average Nusselt number increases with the increase in nanoparticle concentration and size of the heater. The effect of concentration of nanoparticles reduces with decrease in Richardson Number.
A numerical study of mixed convection in a square enclosure from a heating element to a cold moving wall is performed under the isothermal heating conditions. The heater is placed at the bottom boundary and the cold upper wall moves horizontally towards right side with constant velocity. The lateral walls are insulated. The study includes the thermal performance of nanofluid for various shaped obstacles kept at center of the enclosure. The application of hydro-magnetism with uniform and constant magnetic intensity throughout the bottom wall is considered. The heat convection is studied at two Richardson number (0.01 and 10), four percentage volume of silver nanoparticles (0%, 2%, 5%, and 8%) and four Hartmann number (0, 10, 20, and 50). Grashof number, Prandtl number, and Reynolds number have a constant value of 104, 6.2 and 100 respectively. The obtained results indicate the suppression of heat fluxes with increasing intensity of magnetic field whereas it increases with increasing Richardson number and percentage volume of the nano-material in the base fluid.
Detection of changes in images is a much discussed problem in a variety of disciplines, such as remote sensing, surveillance, medicine, civil infrastructure, etc. Fundamentally, two images captured at different time instances differ not only in the subject, but also in the conditions when the images were captured, namely, illumination, atmospheric absorption, sensor characteristics, noise, etc. A change detection algorithm must be tolerant enough to classify these changes as no-change, while keeping track of changes in the subject itself. The subject may appear, disappear, move, change its shape, or change its brightness or colour. In this work we model the spectral signals received from these surfaces at two different times as a linear function, resulting in amplification or attenuation of the dynamic range of the image. We estimate this shift in the dynamic range of the images using the Random Sample Consensus algorithm, and classify pixels not satisfying this shift as changes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.