Six years after licensure of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Denmark, a reduced risk of cervical lesions is observed at the population level.

The study was supported by the Danish Cancer Society (award number: 96 222 54). All authors report no conflicts of interest.

The incidence of penile cancer increased in 1978-2008 in Denmark, and the same applied to PIN2/3 in 1998-2008. A high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and a low circumcision rate in Denmark may partly explain our results.

The incidence of cervical lesions decreased significantly in age groups with high HPV vaccine coverage, indicating an early effect of HPV vaccination.

The Danish screening program has successfully reduced the incidence of cervical cancer, especially of SCC in older women; however, the program has not significantly reduced the incidence in young women or the incidence of adenocarcinoma, which is increasing. Decreases in the incidences of CIN3 and AIS in age groups with high HPV vaccine coverage may herald a future decrease in cervical cancer incidence in young Danish women.