The COVID‐19 pandemic has plunged the world into a crisis. To contain this crisis, it is essential to build full cooperation between the government and the public. However, it is unclear which governmental and individual factors are determinants and how they interact with protective behaviors against COVID‐19. To resolve this issue, this study builds a multiple mediation model. Findings show that government emergency public information such as detailed pandemic information and positive risk communication had greater impact on protective behaviors than rumor refutation and supplies. Moreover, governmental factors may indirectly affect protective behaviors through individual factors such as perceived efficacy, positive emotions, and risk perception. These findings suggest that systematic intervention programs for governmental factors need to be integrated with individual factors to achieve effective prevention and control of COVID‐19 among the public.

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Histone levels are a key factor in several nuclear processes, including transcription and chromosome segregation. Previous studies have demonstrated that Spt10 and Spt21 are required for the normal transcription of a subset of the histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and sequence analysis has suggested that Spt10 is an acetyltransferase. We have now characterized several aspects of transcriptional activation of histone genes by Spt10 in vivo. Our results show that activation by Spt10 is dependent on its acetyltransferase domain. At HTA2-HTB2, the histone locus whose transcription is most strongly dependent on Spt10, Spt10 is physically recruited to the promoter in an Spt21-dependent and a cell cycle-dependent manner. Furthermore, Spt10 and Spt21 directly interact. These results, taken together with the identification of spt10 mutations that suppress an spt21⌬ mutation, suggest a model for transcriptional activation by Spt10 and Spt21.Regulation of histone levels plays critical roles in cell growth and division. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, altered histone gene dosage has been shown to affect chromosome segregation, transcription, and other processes (21). The S. cerevisiae genome contains four loci that encode pairs of core histones; two encode histones H2A and H2B, and the other two encode histones H3 and H4 (9, 28). The transcription of all of the histone genes is cell cycle regulated, with the peak of expression in S phase (21). In spite of this similar regulation of histone gene transcription, the promoters at the four histone loci are highly divergent and are controlled by distinct sets of transcription factors (8,10,26,27,29,37).In this study we have focused on two factors, Spt10 and Spt21, known to be required for the transcription of two of the four histone loci in S. cerevisiae (8). Previous work has shown that spt10 and spt21 mutations alter normal transcription of several genes in addition to those encoding histones (18,25,26,38). Further studies have shown that spt10 and spt21 mutations suppress the loss of some upstream activating sequences and some transcriptional activators (7,22,38). With respect to the histone genes and phenotypes tested, spt10 and spt21 mutants are similar. However, some differences in phenotypes have been observed, including greater transcriptional effects and significantly poorer growth by an spt10⌬ mutant compared to an spt21⌬ mutant (7,19). Overall, these phenotypes suggest broad and significant roles for Spt10 in transcriptional regulation, with Spt21 required for a subset of these roles.Previous analyses of Spt10 and Spt21 have suggested a possible mechanism for their activation of histone gene transcription. First, Spt10 has motifs found in acetyltransferases, including the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 (20).Acetyltransferases have been shown to play critical roles in transcription through their ability to acetylate both histones and other transcription factors (31). Consistent with a role for Spt10 in acetylation of histones, recent work has shown that the ...