In this study, starch extracted from lily bulbs were modified using an ultra‐high pressure (UHP) treatment at six different pressure levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa). The effects of UHP treatment on the physicochemical and morphological properties of lily starch were investigated. The morphological observation revealed that UHP treatment led to particle expansion and aggregation. Compared with the native and lily starch treated at 100–500 MPa, the lily starch treated at 600 MPa exhibited almost completely disrupted morphology and a larger particle size, indicating nearly complete gelatinization of the starch. The relative crystallinity of the UHP‐treated starch remarkably reduced. Gelatinization temperatures via differential scanning calorimetry decreased with increasing pressure. The rapid viscoanalyzer results revealed that the lily starch treated with UHP at 600 MPa showed low values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback. These results indicated that UHP was an effective physical modification method for lily starch, UHP treatment (600 MPa, 30 min) caused nearly complete gelatinization of lily starch, and lily starch modified using UHP might expand the application of lily in the food field.

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In this study, the effects of ultrasonic (US), ozone (O 3 ), or ozone-ultrasonic (O 3 -US) pretreatments on the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) obtained from lemon peel were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that, US-SDF, O 3 -SDF, and O 3 -US-SDF showed more looser surface and porous characterization, compared to the lemon peel SDF without treatment (untreated-SDF). Pretreatment led to a significant increases of SDFs yield, which increased by 16.70%, 85.44%, and 92.36% for US-SDF, O 3 -SDF, and O 3 -US-SDF, compared to untreated group, respectively. X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystal structure of the pretreated-SDFs was disrupted and possessed lower crystallinity. TGA analysis showed that pretreated-SDFs exhibited lower thermal stability. All three pretreatments led to a redistribution of monosaccharides in SDFs. In addition, functional properties, including water swelling capacity (WSC), water-holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and binding capacity of SDF for heavy metals ions (Pb, Cd, and Cu), were enhanced by the three different pretreatment methods. Especially, O 3 -SDF showed the highest hydration ability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that untreated-SDF and pretreated-SDFs were effectively distinguished. In summary, our study suggested that the O 3 pretreatment could be used as the ideal pretreatment method for lemon peel SDF, and O 3 -SDF has the greatest potential to be applied as functional ingredients in food products. Practical ApplicationsUltrasonic (US) treatment is one of the green nonthermal technologies, it has been widely used to assist in the extraction of dietary fiber. Ozone (O 3 ) is commonly used in agricultural waste disposal, while O 3 treatment is still in the blank stage in the field of assisting the extraction of dietary fiber, and has great potential for development.In this experiment, the effects of US and O 3 pretreatment on the structural and functional properties of SDFs from lemon peel were studied. The results showed that pretreated-SDFs existed different structural and functional properties compare with the untreated-SDF. And O 3 pretreatment could be used as the ideal pretreatment method for lemon peel SDF.

Although high internal phase emulsion (HIPE)-templating is promising to prepare macroporous materials (polyHIPEs) with controllable shapes and tuneable property, fibrous polyHIPEs with stretchability and their continuous preparation are still challenging. Here, we report the fabrication of polyHIPE fibers in a continuous manner through wet spinning of HIPEs. The successful fabrication of polyHIPE fibers depends on HIPE dispersed phase fractions, ammonia-catalyzed interfacial reaction and wet spinning. Dry polyHIPE fibers exhibit tunable diameters, hierarchically porous structures, high stability to temperature and to various solutions, and high stretchability (with a high tensile strain of 155%), which is hard to achieve for polyHIPEs. The polyHIPE fibers show enhanced uptakes to both water (14.4 ml g −1 ) and organic solvents (up to 26.3 ml g −1 ), and the amphiphilic swelling is rare for polyHIPEs. Moreover, the dry polyHIPE fibers show good thermal insulation, similar to that of cotton. Simple wet spinning, combining with HIPEs with tuneable composition, is promising for preparing various polyHIPE fibers for various potential applications.