Background: Congenital positional, rotational and fusion anomalies of the kidney are frequently encountered. Crossed renal ectopia is a condition in which the kidney is located on the side contralateral to its ureteral insertion into the urinary bladder. Crossed renal ectopia without fusion is a very rare anomaly sporadically reported in the literature. We have attempted to analyse such renal anomalies in a large series of patients. Materials & Methods: Contrast enhanced multidetector computed tomographic scans of 960 patients (491 males and 469 females, age range 4-90 years) were reviewed. Observations: Crossed renal ectopia without fusion was detected in three patients (0.31%; 1 in 320 cases). All three patients were males and left-to-right renal ectopia was noted in two cases and right-to-left ectopia in one case, in whom the ectopic right kidney was exhibiting multicystic dysplasia. An interesting observation was vascularisation of crossed ectopic unfused left kidneys by branches arising from the right common iliac artery. Conclusion: Crossed renal ectopia without fusion is an extremely rare anomaly and may remain asymptomatic without being detected. Multidetector computed tomography angiography is an excellent imaging modality to detect renal positional and rotational anomalies. To the best of our knowledge the present study is the first study to detect renal anomalies in a large series of cases.
Background: Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide owing to their life threatening complications. Today with the availability of excellent antimicrobials, many of these disorders are potentially treatable, making early recognition imperative. MRI has revolutionised the manner in which diagnosis is made. Aims: Our aim was to study the characteristic MRI imaging features of various CNS infections and corelate them clinically. Subjects and Methods: Total 50 (of all age groups) patients who were clinically suspected of CNS infections were subjected to MRI examination using MAGNETOM ESSENZA SIEMENS operating at 1.5 Tesla. MRI findings were analysed & corelated clinically. Results & Conclusion: CNS infections were almost equally distributed among males and females and were mostly found in paediatric population. Neurocysticercosis and Tuberculosis were the two most common CNS Infections diagnosed. Basilar meningitis is highly suggestive of tuberculosis.
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