The variability of 21 microsatellite loci was analyzed in order to estimate the genetic diversity of the Busa cattle breed. A total of 50 animals involved in the study were divided into two groups: Busa from eastern Herzegovina and Busa from western Herzegovina. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.6. The average expected heterozygosities were 0.6885 and 0.6212 in the eastern and western populations, respectively. The observed heterozygosity values were 0.6579 and 0.6336, in eastern and western population, respectively. The degree of population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.008 (for ILSTS006 locus) to 0.242 (for BM1818 locus), with a mean of 0.112. Cluster analysis showed that the two populations were clearly clustered into two distinct clades. This report represents the first genetic characterization of pure Busa cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results are important for the future development of conservation and management strategies for this cattle breed.
With the objective of studying and protecting genomes of autochthonous breeds of cattle, investigations were performed of the variability of morphometric characteristics of the autochthonous breeds Busa and Gatacko cattle, as well as a retrospective analysis of the development of the examined populations. The investigations covered 97 cows, specifically 22 head of western Herzegovina Busa cattle, 24 head of eastern Herzegovina Busa cattle, and 51 head of Gatacko cattle. Morphometric measurements were examined: height at withers, body length, foot circumference, and chest girth. The obtained data were processed statistically, and variability was established using simple variance analysis with an unequal number of repetitions. The significance of the obtained differences from the three investigated localities was tested using the F test and t-test. A significant degree of variability was established for the morphological characteristics within the examined populations, as well as between the populations. The established differences are primarily a result of the influence of different natural conditions and breeding conditions, as well as the genome share of Alpine cattle, with which the Busa has been crossbred
For the purpose of genetic characterization of strains of sheep in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a morphometric characterization of Kupreška Pramenka has been performed. A total of 62 heads were measured, 56 ewes and 6 rams. The average height of the withers of ewes was 69.71 cm, the height of the hook was 70.57 cm, the body length was 72.57 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 21.12 cm, chest depth 31.98 cm, width of the hips was 20.28 cm, the chest volume was 90.95 cm and the circumference volume was 7.91 cm. The rams had an average height of 75.33 cm at the withers, the hook height of 76.33 cm, the body length 78.83 cm, the chest width behind the shoulders was 24.33 cm, chest depth 34.50 cm, width of the hips was 22.00 cm, chest volume was 98.50 cm and the circumference volume was 9.33 cm. In sheep and rams measures that have been shown the highest correlation and statistically highly significant difference were those related to the process of growth and development of the animal, and these are: the height of the withers and hook (r = 0.841 for ewes and r = 1.00 for rams), while the other hand, there are measures that do not show correlative relationship as hook height and chest volume (r = 0.155 for ewes and r = 0.533 for rams).
SažetakOdabrano je pet mrestilišta (različita matična jata) sa kojih je uzeta oplođena ikra u periodu od 13.12.2012. do 21.12.2012. i transportovana u salmonidno mrestilište Klašnik Banja Luka, gdje je smještena pod istim uslovima u ležnice na inkubacioni razvoj. Sve ženke od kojih je uzeta ikra bile su starosti 4 godine. Temperatura vode u mrestilištu variralaje u uskim granicama i kretala se od 10,2 do 10,8 o C. Dužina embrionalnog razvoja do pojave očiju varirala je od 176 (tretman 5) do 188 (tretman 1) stepeni dana. Inkubacioni period (od oplodnje do izvale) trajao je od 260 stepeni dana u tretmanu 4 do 292 stepeni dana u tretmanima 1, 2 i 3. Mortalitet tokom perioda inkubacije bio je izrazito visok u tretmanu 4 i iznosio je 60,79%, a u ostalim tretmanima je varirao od 4,19% do 10,80%. Prelaskom na egzogenu ishranu konstatovane su značajne razlike karakteristika rasta, što je pogotovo uočljivo u različitim vrijednostima SGR i TGC. Analizom varijanse i t-testom konstatovane su statistički visoko značajne razlike sredina mase i dužine tijela (=0,01) u većini kombinacija, što ukazuje na značajnu genetičku varijabilnost analiziranih matičnih jata.Ključne riječi: dužičasta pastrmka, embrionalni razvoj, karakteristike rasta. UvodSlatkovodna akvakultura Republike Srpske u zadnjih 15 godina bilježi stalni rast, naročito kada se ima u vidu značajan hidropotencijal (potoci, rijeke, prirodna i vještačka jezera I i II klase kvaliteta) koji nije iskorišten, a što predstavlja izuzetnu osnovu za unapređenje postojećih i razvoj novih kapaciteta za gajenje ribe, sa posebnim akcentom na gajenje salmonidnih vrsta riba. Područje Republike Srpske karakteriše dominantno komercijalno gajenje dužičaste pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Wal.) koja, za razliku od ostalih salmonida, ima izraženije karakteristike rasta, tolerantnija je i otpornijana variranja uslova sredine (kvaliteta vode).
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