Summary. The article deals with the assets of building broad-gauge lines in Europe. The delivery time for international transport of goods affects international business in terms of the capital put into goods and subsequently affects its turnover rate. The current disproportion of different line gauges in Europe causes significant problems in the transport of goods especially in commodity streams in the East -West direction. Based on previous research of commodity streams in international trade and a comprehensive analysis of all performed studies for building broad gauge lines, the assets of building these lines included the development of employment, increasing the transport capacity and the building of transshipment stations in Slovakia. The current geopolitical developments have also a significant impact on international transport and important transport links, therefore diversifying these risks is a logical consideration to ensure the smooth delivery of goods and thus the development of international trade. PERSPEKTYWY MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH PRZEWOZÓW TOWAROWYCH WSCHÓD-ZACHÓDStreszczenie. Artykuł omawia koszty budowy kolei szerokotorowej w Europie. Czas dostawy w międzynarodowym transporcie towarów wpływa na prowadzenie międzynarodowej działalności gospodarczej, a także na obrót kapitałem. Występujące obecnie różnice w szerokości linii kolejowych w Europie powodują znaczne problemy podczas transportu towarów, zwłaszcza ze Wschodu na Zachód. Dotychczasowe badania przewozów towarowych w handlu międzynarodowym i kompleksowe analizy kosztów budowy szerokotorowych linii kolejowych wskazują na wzrost zdolności przewozowych, ale także na budowę nowych stacji przeładunkowych, a tym samym na zwiększenie się zatrudnienia na Słowacji. Bieżące wydarzenia geopolityczne mają istotny wpływ na połączenia w transporcie międzynarodowy, w związku z tym zróżnicowanie i analiza zagrożeń są ważne z punktu widzenia zapewnienia sprawnych dostaw towarów, a tym samym rozwoju handlu międzynarodowego.
Optimisation and stimulation of production, digital business, the fourth industrial revolution - this is how the current global economy is perceived. Continuous development of new information and communication technologies, economic globalisation, integration of financial markets, growing pressure on boosting higher added value, just as well as the ever- increasing differentiation of demand schemes became a challenge for the global economy. The article elaborates on the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the logistics, logistic chains as well as use of the Industry 4.0 in logistics. The article includes a new definition of logistics due to the Industry 4.0, which extends the basic production factors by a new term - „information“.
In 2018, there was an empirical research conducted in passengers' interest in innovative methods of passenger handling within passenger transport in the Slovak Republic. The research determined the knowledge of passengers regarding new methods, namely, NFC technologies, EMV technologies and ABT technologies. The article defines the methodology of choosing an electronic payment system within public transport, followed by partial results of research multicriteria evaluation of alternatives electronic payment system in public transport. For evaluation of variants, an electronic payment system within public transport was the selected method of a total utility.
Abstract-The article focuses on the determinants of transport market. As this problem area is very large, the article focuses only on the analysis and prognosis of the external EU transport market determinants. The chosen external transport market determinants processed in this article are the economic development of the world economy, specification of the EU regions and countries, the GDP and the population trend in the EU. In the conclusion of this article we show the relation between the transport trends and the EU industry development, price sensitivity change, transport service demand change and quality of supplementary carrier services.
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